{"id":111142,"date":"2023-04-28T10:14:45","date_gmt":"2023-04-28T14:14:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?p=111142"},"modified":"2024-03-01T14:43:58","modified_gmt":"2024-03-01T18:43:58","slug":"photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\/","title":{"rendered":"Photodynamic Therapy Calibration Device for The Treatment of Abscesses"},"content":{"rendered":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis: 66.66%;\">\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Team Members<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>Zaynab Dantsoho<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Dinesh Sangadi<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Riya Shah<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis: 33.33%;\">\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advisor<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Michael Giacomelli<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Problem Statement<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>This project is aimed at designing a device that allows for accurate and repeatable calibration of an optical probe that will be used in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) for the treatment of abscesses in a hospice setting. The intended device needs to be sterile, block out room light, and hold the PDT probe in place during measurements to eliminate human error and maintain patient safety.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Table of Contents<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Page 1: Title &amp; Problem Statement<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Page 2: Introduction<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Page 3: Customer Scenario &amp; Needs, Wants, Metrics<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Page 4: Design Process<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Page 5: Final Device Results<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The photodynamic therapy system utilizes an optical probe that consists of nine individual optical fibers each with a 200 \u03bcm core diameter and 0.22 numerical (<a href=\"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/boe\/fulltext.cfm?uri=boe-12-12-7388&amp;id=464722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/boe\/fulltext.cfm?uri=boe-12-12-7388&amp;id=464722\">Bridger et. al, 2021<\/a>). The probe, manufactured by Pioneer Optics Company, is used to measure diffuse reflectance properties of deep-tissue abscesses and deliver the appropriate light dose needed to activate a photoactivated drug used in killing abscess bacteria. Through our project, we aim to develop an appropriate calibration system for the probe so that when it is inserted into the abscess cavity it is calibrated to a standard that will allow the measurements to accurately model abscess reflectance properties.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>An abscess is a fibrous capsule filled with pus that forms as a result of the immune response to a bacterial\/fungal infection within the human body (<a href=\"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/boe\/fulltext.cfm?uri=boe-12-12-7388&amp;id=464722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/boe\/fulltext.cfm?uri=boe-12-12-7388&amp;id=464722\">Bridger et al, 2021<\/a>). White cells collect and combine with damaged tissue and germs in the infection site, creating pus. The collagen fibers of surrounding dying tissue form a pseudocapsule encapsulating the pus and preventing the infection from contacting the rest of the body. The usual treatment of abscesses involves surgical drainage of this purulent fluid and the use of antibiotics systematically to kill the remaining bacteria. However, because surgical draining doesn\u2019t fully remove all fluid in the abscess, the biofilm of bacteria on the walls of the abscess has a chance to become resistant to antibiotics if not fully killed. Because of this, the abscess can reoccur as bacteria that weren\u2019t fully killed rebreed within the warm isolating environment of the abscess, leading to low cure rates in some patients (<a href=\"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/boe\/fulltext.cfm?uri=boe-12-12-7388&amp;id=464722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/boe\/fulltext.cfm?uri=boe-12-12-7388&amp;id=464722\">Bridger et al, 2021<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image wp-duotone-unset-1\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-139282\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-51.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"460\" height=\"344\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">https:\/\/www.saintlukeskc.org\/health-library\/abscess-drainage<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Due to the lack of effectiveness of antibiotics on resistant bacteria, photodynamic therapy was introduced as an alternative to current surgical practices for treating abscesses. The treatment of interest utilizes photoactivated drugs to kill bacteria instead of using antibiotics. It works to kill microbial cells by the excitation of a photosensitizer or non-toxic dye with low-intensity visible light of the appropriate wavelength producing reactive oxygen species within the abscess (<a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.21080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lsm.21080\">Kharkwal et al., 2011<\/a>). Since radical oxygen species are toxic to bacteria, this technology kills bacteria more thoroughly and solves the issue of dealing with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. With PDT for deep-tissue abscesses, the optical properties of each individual patient\u2019s abscess vary as a result of its size, shape, location, composition, etc. Thus, it\u2019s necessary to predetermine optical properties such as reflectance and absorbance for each individual abscess so that treatment can be normalized to deliver a patient-specific light dose to activate the photosensitizer to kill bacteria. Since our project aims to develop a calibration device that will mount to this probe, the opening of the calibration port must fit the dimensions of the probe and hold it securely in place while blocking out as much extra room light.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"mb-0 pb-0\" style=\"font-size: 33px;\"><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"mt-0 pt-0\" style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Bridger, K. G., Roccabruna, J. R., &amp; Baran, T. M. (2021). Optical property recovery with spatially-resolved diffuse reflectance at short source-detector separations using a compact fiber-optic probe. <em>Biomedical Optics Express<\/em>, <em>12<\/em>(12), 7388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/boe.443332<br \/><br \/>Kharkwal, G. B., Sharma, S. K., Huang, Y.-Y., Dai, T., &amp; Hamblin, M. R. (2011). Photodynamic therapy for infections: Clinical applications. <em>Lasers in Surgery and Medicine<\/em>, <em>43<\/em>(7), 755\u2013767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.21080<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clinical Use Scenario<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The clinical scenario in which our device will be used as explained by Dr. Baran, our customer, is as follows. In order to maximize the treatment efficiency of the PDT abscess treatment system, it\u2019s necessary to obtain a measurement of the reflectance and absorbance properties of the patient\u2019s specific abscess so that the appropriate light dose can be delivered to kill the most pathogens within the abscess. Within the operating room, a surgeon performs the incision necessary for abscess-treatment procedure and places a drainage catheter into the abscess to drain all fluid. Then, the probe is inserted through the drainage catheter to measure the optical properties of the abscess and deliver the appropriate light dose for treatment. Before the probe can measure the optical properties of the abscess, it needs to be calibrated by our device. As the probe directly interfaces with our device prior to entering the human body, it\u2019s critical for patient safety that the probe remains sterile during its interaction with our device.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Most times, someone other than the surgeon takes the calibration measurement \u2013 usually the resident. The resident who is fully sterile, places the probe into the inlet of our device and the technician who stands next to the non-sterile PDT system devices initiates the calibration measurement. Because the PDT system technology is considered a non-sterile field, having the resident take measurements very close to the actual PDT device system poses a risk of breaching the sterile field. As such, our device is separate from the system, and can be handheld by the resident, allowing it to stay in the sterile field.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Needs, Wants, &amp; Metrics<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Because our primary customer for this project is Dr. Baran, as we are building a calibration device to supplement his abscess-treating PDT system, we had a conversation with him directly to ascertain what would be the needs and wants of our device. We then turned those qualitative metrics into quantifiable deliverables we wanted our device to have. From our discussion, we ascertained that our device has very specific needs and wants:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>It needs to be sterile\/sterilizable because it will come in contact with the PDT probe that will be entering a patient\u2019s body<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>It needs to firmly mount the probe in place so that there\u2019s no human error with regards to the angle and distance at which the light source and receptors obtain the calibration measurement<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>It needs to be opaque enough to block out all room light so that there is no interference for the calibration measurement<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>We then took these metrics and tabularly ranked them in order of importance.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><em>Design Metrics<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Metrics\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Design Specifications\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>X Opacity (%)<\/td>\r\n<td>~100%\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>The device is sterile such that X% of pathogens have been killed prior to the device\u2019s exposure to the probe\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>~100%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>The probe stays within an angle of X degrees with reference to the reflectance standard.\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>30 degrees<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>The probe is a distance of X from the reflectance spectra<\/td>\r\n<td>X = 5 mm &#8211; 15 mm\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Must be able to withstand a temperature of X degrees.<\/td>\r\n<td>132 \u00b0C<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Design Process<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The OPTC system is a calibration system that comprises a framework made with an opaque material and coated internally with a reflectance standard. The framework includes a tube-like mount that accommodates the diffuse reflectance probe that is put in by the user, in this case, a surgeon. Inside this mount exists clamps that hold the probe in place allowing for accurate measurements. This framework would be kept on a flat surface in the operating room. It would interact with the probe, as mentioned before, which would be inserted into the human body and thus have indirect contact with the body. The reflectance standard utilized in the device is Spectralon which is a heat-resistant polymer which has the highest diffuse reflectance available.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The following image is the entire system using our Final Prototype:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-140872\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-72-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"494\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-72-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-72-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-72-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-72-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-72-1200x900.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-72-1980x1485.png 1980w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-72.png 2016w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 494px) 100vw, 494px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>In order to reach this final design, we had to first brainstorm, research, etc. different solutions to the main needs\/wants of precision, opacity, sterility, and minimization of secondary reflections. A main discussion point was regarding methods to keep the probe in place. This included clamps that can be manually pushed in on the sides of the device, a cushion\/foam on the inside sides of the device that keeps the optical probe from moving around, screw indents\/outdents on the probe and mount, and an extension on the lip of the device that opens into the cone where the light source is emitted. Each of these solutions has its own benefits and drawbacks, and a 3D model was created to get a visual understanding of what they would entail<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis: 100%;\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-coblocks-gallery-masonry alignwide masonry-grid has-5-gutter\">\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"825\" height=\"755\" class=\"wp-image-141022\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_105326.png\" alt=\"Image gallery image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_105326.png 825w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_105326-300x275.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_105326-768x703.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 825px) 100vw, 825px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color\" style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); color: #ffffff;\">Foam Lining<\/mark><\/strong><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"509\" height=\"494\" class=\"wp-image-140992\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_112650.png\" alt=\"Image gallery image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_112650.png 509w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_112650-300x291.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 509px) 100vw, 509px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color\" style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); color: #ffffff;\">Screw Threads<\/mark><\/strong><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"627\" height=\"607\" class=\"wp-image-141012\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_105451.png\" alt=\"Image gallery image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_105451.png 627w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_105451-300x290.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 627px) 100vw, 627px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color\" style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); color: #ffffff;\">Inner Extension\/Lip<\/mark><\/strong><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"591\" height=\"566\" class=\"wp-image-141002\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_125541.png\" alt=\"Image gallery image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_125541.png 591w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_125541-300x287.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color\" style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); color: #ffffff;\">Clamps from Side<\/mark><\/strong><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"685\" height=\"593\" class=\"wp-image-141992\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_105629.png\" alt=\"Image gallery image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_105629.png 685w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_105629-300x260.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 685px) 100vw, 685px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color\" style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); color: #ffffff;\">View of Model from Under<\/mark><\/strong><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"611\" class=\"wp-image-142002\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_125812.png\" alt=\"Image gallery image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_125812.png 632w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20221218_125812-300x290.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color\" style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); color: #ffffff;\">Clamps from Top<\/mark><\/strong><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ultimately, we decided to use an o-ring that is precisely placed on the probe before it is inserted into the device since it was the most feasible and simplest solution to this problem. We ended up using a 1.5 mm o-ring despite the probe only being 2 mm in diameter.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Now, our first tests were designed to find the optimal geometry of the inner cavity to minimize any secondary reflections. We 3D printed out three different cavity types: cone, cylinder, and spherical to test as can be seen below.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"476\" height=\"701\" data-id=\"141672\" class=\"wp-image-141672\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20230220_112148.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20230220_112148.png 476w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20230220_112148-204x300.png 204w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 476px) 100vw, 476px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\" style=\"background-color: #d3d3d3;\">Spherical Cavity<\/mark><\/strong><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"497\" height=\"719\" data-id=\"141652\" class=\"wp-image-141652\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20230220_113300.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20230220_113300.png 497w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20230220_113300-207x300.png 207w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 497px) 100vw, 497px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\" style=\"background-color: #d3d3d3;\">Conical Cavity<\/mark><\/strong><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"552\" height=\"748\" data-id=\"141662\" class=\"wp-image-141662\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20230222_094717.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20230222_094717.png 552w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20230222_094717-221x300.png 221w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\" style=\"background-color: #d3d3d3;\">Cylindrical Cavity<\/mark><\/strong><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis: 100%;\">\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"406\" height=\"599\" data-id=\"142062\" class=\"wp-image-142062\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20230220_114150-2.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20230220_114150-2.png 406w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20230220_114150-2-203x300.png 203w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 406px) 100vw, 406px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\" style=\"background-color: #d3d3d3;\">Spherical Cavity Isometric View<\/mark><\/strong><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"411\" height=\"669\" data-id=\"142072\" class=\"wp-image-142072\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20230220_114331-1.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20230220_114331-1.png 411w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Screenshot_20230220_114331-1-184x300.png 184w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 411px) 100vw, 411px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\" style=\"background-color: #d3d3d3;\">Conical Cavity Isometric View<\/mark><\/strong><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-141632\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-74-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"525\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-74-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-74-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-74-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-74-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-74-1200x900.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-74-1980x1485.png 1980w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-74.png 2016w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Three Cavity Types After Printing<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>At this point, we needed to start performing tests on our prototype. This was divided into three main stages of testing.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong><em>Stage 1: Reflection, Precision, and Functionality Testing<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>For this stage, we wanted to verify that our prototype works better than the integrating sphere in 3 distinct ways: reducing interference from room light, ensuring that at least 95% of secondary reflectance is diminished, and testing that our device increases the precision of reflection measurements as compared to the results obtained from the integrating sphere.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong><em>Stage 2: Geometry Testing<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>For this stage, once we have verified the functionality of our prototype with one standard of material and cavity geometry, we will test to determine which cavity geometry and plastic is best optimized for carrying out the function of our device. The 3 geometries for our cavity were compared using light reduction and reflectance minimization. We tested to see if there\u2019s a significant difference in precision, room light reduction, or secondary light minimization due to geometry during this stage.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong><em>Stage 3: Mechanical Durability and Sterilization Testing<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>At the conclusion of stages 1 and 2, we will have determined what our theoretically final prototype should look like and be comprised of. Now, we are verifying that our device can be re-sterilized by testing that there\u2019s no degradation of the Spectralon over numerous autoclave cycles. This will allow us to determine whether or not our device can be made as a reusable, re-sterilizable device, or whether it will need to be single use. For this, we had our final prototype machined and subjected to many autoclave cycles, comparing the Spectralon\u2019s physical appearance under a microscope, and whether or not there\u2019s a degradation of standardized reflection measurement after many cycles.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Final Device Results<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Stage 1 testing went as planned, and we were able to prove that our device had indeed produced more reliable, precise results than the integrating sphere measurements. Stage 2 testing showed us that each geometry had similar results in their standard deviation, so we chose a spherical cavity for our final device.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-141782\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-75-1024x647.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"610\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-75-1024x647.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-75-300x190.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-75-768x485.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-75-1536x971.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-75-1200x758.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-75.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Signal intensity vs. wavelength for the integrating sphere vs final device prototype<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>We also performed a brief test to optimize the height and width of the device and found that having at least 20 mm was enough to prevent the probe from exiting the device and to keep it perpendicular to the exit hole into the chamber.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>At this point we felt comfortable in having our final device machined out of the heat resistant plastic, PEEK. The schematics for the two parts of the device are attached as follows:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px;\" data=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/FP_Framework_Schematic.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" aria-label=\"Embed of FP_Framework_Schematic.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-f297ea66-53f8-415c-b573-0ddc40c1c074\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/FP_Framework_Schematic.pdf\">FP_Framework_Schematic<\/a><a class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/FP_Framework_Schematic.pdf\" download=\"\" aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-f297ea66-53f8-415c-b573-0ddc40c1c074\">Download<\/a><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px;\" data=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/FP_Base_Schematic.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" aria-label=\"Embed of FP_Base_Schematic.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-f91aa2d9-22c4-4bcb-b820-a730a9b4fcf0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/FP_Base_Schematic.pdf\">FP_Base_Schematic<\/a><a class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/FP_Base_Schematic.pdf\" download=\"\" aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-f91aa2d9-22c4-4bcb-b820-a730a9b4fcf0\">Download<\/a><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-141902\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-76-edited.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"482\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-76-edited.png 823w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-76-edited-225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-76-edited-768x1024.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 823px) 100vw, 823px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Final Device Assembled with Probe and o-ring attached<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Stage 3 testing is still underway, but so far, a few cycles have shown minimal differences in the surface of the Spectralon. We also confirmed that the inner chamber exceeds temperatures of 138\u00b0C using temperature sensitive test strips, which satisfied the sterilization criteria for autoclaves.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"696\" height=\"520\" data-id=\"141852\" class=\"wp-image-141852\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Non_autoclaved_spectralon_0_75x_500ms.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Non_autoclaved_spectralon_0_75x_500ms.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Non_autoclaved_spectralon_0_75x_500ms-300x224.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">0x Autoclave Cycles<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"696\" height=\"520\" data-id=\"141862\" class=\"wp-image-141862\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/1x_autoclaved_spectralon_0_75x_500ms.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/1x_autoclaved_spectralon_0_75x_500ms.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/1x_autoclaved_spectralon_0_75x_500ms-300x224.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">1x Autoclave Cycles<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"696\" height=\"520\" data-id=\"141872\" class=\"wp-image-141872\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/2x_autoclaved_spectralon_0_75x_250ms.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/2x_autoclaved_spectralon_0_75x_250ms.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/2x_autoclaved_spectralon_0_75x_250ms-300x224.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">2x Autoclave Cycles<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>PEEK plastic can be autoclaved hundreds of times before showing significant wear, so the final device succeeds in what we needed it to do. Looking into the future, a precision system that does not rely on a preplaced o-ring is ideal. This can be far easier to achieve with a modified probe as well which our customer is interested in doing at some point.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Team Members Advisor Michael Giacomelli Problem Statement This project is aimed at designing a device that allows for accurate and repeatable calibration of an optical probe that will be used&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6242,"featured_media":10752,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[],"coauthors":[8612],"class_list":["post-111142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bme-archive"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Photodynamic Therapy Calibration Device for The Treatment of Abscesses - Senior Design Day<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\/\" \/>\n<link rel=\"next\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\/2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Photodynamic Therapy Calibration Device for The Treatment of Abscesses - Senior Design Day\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Team Members Advisor Michael Giacomelli Problem Statement This project is aimed at designing a device that allows for accurate and repeatable calibration of an optical probe that will be used&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Senior Design Day\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-04-28T14:14:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-01T18:43:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Meliora.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1062\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"597\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/351018fbcf84ed8cac6d8072ba5b347c\"},\"headline\":\"Photodynamic Therapy Calibration Device for The Treatment of Abscesses\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-04-28T14:14:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-01T18:43:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2095,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/Meliora.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"BME Archive\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\\\/\",\"name\":\"Photodynamic Therapy Calibration Device for The Treatment of Abscesses - Senior Design Day\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/Meliora.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-04-28T14:14:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-01T18:43:58+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/351018fbcf84ed8cac6d8072ba5b347c\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/Meliora.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/Meliora.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":720},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/\",\"name\":\"Senior Design Day\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/351018fbcf84ed8cac6d8072ba5b347c\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/author\\\/seniordesign\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Photodynamic Therapy Calibration Device for The Treatment of Abscesses - Senior Design Day","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\/","next":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\/2\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Photodynamic Therapy Calibration Device for The Treatment of Abscesses - Senior Design Day","og_description":"Team Members Advisor Michael Giacomelli Problem Statement This project is aimed at designing a device that allows for accurate and repeatable calibration of an optical probe that will be used&hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\/","og_site_name":"Senior Design Day","article_published_time":"2023-04-28T14:14:45+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-03-01T18:43:58+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Meliora.jpg","width":1062,"height":597,"type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/#\/schema\/person\/351018fbcf84ed8cac6d8072ba5b347c"},"headline":"Photodynamic Therapy Calibration Device for The Treatment of Abscesses","datePublished":"2023-04-28T14:14:45+00:00","dateModified":"2024-03-01T18:43:58+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\/"},"wordCount":2095,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Meliora.jpg","articleSection":["BME Archive"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\/","url":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\/","name":"Photodynamic Therapy Calibration Device for The Treatment of Abscesses - Senior Design Day","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Meliora.jpg","datePublished":"2023-04-28T14:14:45+00:00","dateModified":"2024-03-01T18:43:58+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/#\/schema\/person\/351018fbcf84ed8cac6d8072ba5b347c"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/photodynamic-therapy-calibration-device-for-the-treatment-of-abscesses\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Meliora.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Meliora.jpg","width":1280,"height":720},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/","name":"Senior Design Day","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/#\/schema\/person\/351018fbcf84ed8cac6d8072ba5b347c","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/author\/seniordesign\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111142","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6242"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111142"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111142\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":146162,"href":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111142\/revisions\/146162"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111142"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111142"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111142"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=111142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}