{"id":154322,"date":"2024-05-03T09:32:01","date_gmt":"2024-05-03T13:32:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?p=154322"},"modified":"2025-05-02T15:22:42","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T19:22:42","slug":"identifying-microplastics-and-microfibers-in-environmental-samples-from-quantitative-material-birefringence-properties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/identifying-microplastics-and-microfibers-in-environmental-samples-from-quantitative-material-birefringence-properties\/","title":{"rendered":"Identifying Microplastics and Microfibers in Environmental Samples From Quantitative Material Birefringence Properties"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Author<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Samuel Erdogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mentor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Wayne H. Knox<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Microplastics are a widely studied contaminant, the negative effects of which are yet fully understood, that permeate human and non\u2014human ecosystems alike. Given their suspected adverse effects and their prevalence as a pollutant, a quick and effective detection method for quantifying the density of pollutant and pollutant type in a sample is desirable. This work investigates material birefringence as a means to determine microplastic identity in samples. By imaging filtered samples of microplastics under the microscope and spectrally filtering the images, we can obtain a spectral profile of the birefringence of each particle in a sample and use this to reconstruct material data. A detection method as well as results, drawbacks, and improvements are discussed.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Background &#8211; Birefringence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Birefringence is an optical property of materials where the refractive index of a medium changes relative to the orientation of light interacting with said medium. By polarizing a beam of light such that its electric field oscillates purely in one linear direction, the resulting beam has a phase difference in the vertical and horizontal components of the electric field. Due to the phase difference, this beam detected by another linear polarizer has the potential to transmit into the new polarization, whereas light transmitting through crossed polarizers typically results in no transmission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"619\" height=\"403\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-181422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture1-1.jpg 619w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture1-1-300x195.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 619px) 100vw, 619px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Motivation for an Optical Identifier of MPs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Microplastics (MPs) are a widely studied pollutant with potential adverse health effects and extreme environmental permeability, being found even on mountaintops as tall as Mt. Fuji. The Knox group has previously studied methods of determining material information from samples of filtered microplastics (water and air environments).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Given their prevalence and environmental impact, an optical marker for material information is desirable for MPs. It was noted visually that different MPs displayed markedly different birefringent behavior, and that it may be a window to accessing material information quantitatively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"736\" height=\"234\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture2-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-181442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture2-2.png 736w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture2-2-300x95.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>To that end, the Michel Levy Chart (1889) was targeted as a starting point for translating color information from sample analysis to birefringence information. The chart shows a direct relationship between observed color, material thickness, and birefringence (\u0394n). Thus, we were motivated to pursue spectral information in the hopes of reconstructing birefringence and therefore material information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"721\" height=\"361\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-181452\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture3.jpg 721w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture3-300x150.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 721px) 100vw, 721px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jones Model for MP Birefringence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The experiment performed will obtain birefringence information by placing samples between crossed polarizers. The behavior of the electric field through the system can be modeled using Jones algebra to form an expected result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"210\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Capture-2-1024x210.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-181552\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Capture-2-1024x210.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Capture-2-300x62.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Capture-2-768x158.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Capture-2.png 1163w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u0394<\/em><em>n <\/em>= Birefringence,&nbsp; <em>t<\/em> = thickness,&nbsp; <em>\u03b8<\/em> = Polarizer Angle (Rel. to Optic Axis)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The above model produces Intensity vs. \u03bb info which takes the form of a sinusoid dependent on input polarization angle, birefringence, and material thickness. The more birefringent\/thick a sample is, the more orders the transmission goes through resulting in the repeating colors and washing out of colors at higher orders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"604\" height=\"453\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture4-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-181562\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture4-1.png 604w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture4-1-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This model assumes that MPs have a well-defined optic axis, as well as that their dispersion is low enough such that \u0394n(\u03bb)\u2019 = 0. If these are good assumptions, a measurement of I(\u03bb) through a sample encodes birefringence information in the form of these sinusoids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Current Experimental Efforts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An illumination system designed to scan through the visible range was built using a linear actuating bandpass filter and thermal source. The illumination is passed through MPs filtered onto isotropic SiN grates between crossed polarizers. Microscope images of samples are taken across the entire visible range on a monochromatic CMOS camera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"293\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture5-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-181572\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture5-1.png 723w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture5-1-300x122.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A single fiber is selected, and the average detector counts over its area is used to generate an I(\u03bb) response. The response is fit to the model to obtain \u0394n information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"627\" height=\"470\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture6-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-181592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture6-1.png 627w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture6-1-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 627px) 100vw, 627px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Results<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A wide variety of fibers were tested with fitment to the Jones model:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Capture2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-181622\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Capture2.png 700w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Capture2-300x240.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We have successfully shown quantitative differences in the birefringent behavior of MPs. With a large enough data set to account for variability, it may prove possible to ID materials by their birefringence alone and create an automated MP detection device. Future work can include assumption viability analysis and integration of image segmentation for automated results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Acknowledgements \/ References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Funding \/ Collaborators:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Knox Group, SiMPore, Parverio<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Samantha Romanick<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Prv. Comm. Wayne H. Knox<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Penman, Maggie. \u201cThe Latest Unlikely Place Where You Can Now Find Microplastics.\u201d The Washington Post, 2 Nov. 2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Hoffman, Robert, and Michael W Davidson. \u201cMichel-Levy Birefringence Chart.\u201d Olympus &#8211; Life Science Solutions, Evident, Accessed 10 Dec. 2023.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This work investigates material birefringence as a means to determine microplastic identity in samples.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6242,"featured_media":181672,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4442,136],"tags":[19662,6132,19682,15772],"coauthors":[8612],"class_list":["post-154322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archive","category-opt-ope-archive","tag-birefringence","tag-environmental","tag-microplastics","tag-optics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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