{"id":154392,"date":"2024-05-02T17:01:38","date_gmt":"2024-05-02T21:01:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?p=154392"},"modified":"2025-05-02T15:21:38","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T19:21:38","slug":"tunable-trajectory-ultrabroadband-flying-focus-experimental-setup-using-adaptive-optics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/tunable-trajectory-ultrabroadband-flying-focus-experimental-setup-using-adaptive-optics\/","title":{"rendered":"Tunable trajectory ultrabroadband flying focus experimental setup using adaptive optics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-white-background-color has-background\">Author<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Joanna Rosenbluth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-white-background-color has-background\">Mentors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Jeremy Pigeon and Professor John Palastro<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This project is in collaboration with the Laboratory for Laser Energetics PULSE Division. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background\">Abstract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,255,255) 0%,rgb(0,54,140) 100%)\">The goal of this thesis is to design and build a tunable flying focus experimental setup using adaptive optics. The flying focus technique produces an extended intensity peak which moves at a designed focal velocity independent of the medium group velocity. This requires an optical system that can extend the focal region beyond the Rayleigh length as well as impart sufficient radial group delay to achieve spatiotemporal control. An axiparabola is used to extend the focal region and a deformable mirror imparts a user defined radial group delay to produce a desired focal trajectory. An SLM is necessary to minimize phasefront distortion. The tunability of this technique will be used to optimize secondary source generation experiments such as laser wakefield acceleration and terahertz generation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background\">Previous Experimental Techniques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Chromatic Flying Focus<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Echelon-Axiparabola Flying Focus<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Uses a diffractive lens to focus each wavelength of a broad band pulse to a different location in an extended focus.<\/td><td>All reflective method that uses a radially stepped echelon to impart radial group delay and an axiparabola to extend the focal region.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Pro: <\/strong>Can be tunable by changing the chirp of the pulse<br><strong>Con: <\/strong>Lacks ultrafast capability due to the longitudinal spreading of the bandwidth<\/td><td><strong>Pro: <\/strong>Nearly achromatic nature enables ultrashort pulse durations<br><strong>Con: <\/strong>Lacks rapid tunability<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"975\" height=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-165512\" style=\"width:841px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-15.png 975w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-15-300x96.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-15-768x246.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Chromatic Flying Focus Diagram<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"988\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-16.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-165522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-16.png 988w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-16-300x91.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-16-768x233.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 988px) 100vw, 988px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Echelon-Axiparabola Flying Focus Diagram<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background\">Adaptive Optics Flying Focus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A deformable mirror imparts a user-defined radial group delay<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A spatial light modulator locally flattens the phase fronts to minimize phase front distortion while maintaining the global curvature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If successful, this technique will be rapidly tunable AND will produce ultrashort pulse durations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"406\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-17-1024x406.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-165532\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-17-1024x406.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-17-300x119.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-17-768x304.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-17.png 1216w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">This setup will replace the echelon with a deformable mirror and spatial light modulator to achieve the requisite radial group delay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"399\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-18-1024x399.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-165542\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-18-1024x399.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-18-300x117.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-18-768x299.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-18-1536x599.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-18.png 1629w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">A spatial light modulator locally flattens the phase fronts to minimize phase front distortion through the optical system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background\">Spatial Light Modulator Calibration<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Using a Michaelson interferometer, we determined that full wave input to the SLM imparts 2 fringes of phase and half wave input corresponds to 1 fringe of phase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Analysis was conducted using a green an red laser. The difference in imparted phase between these wavelengths was negligible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The imparted SLM phase is very sensitive to polarization.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"631\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-19-1024x631.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-165572\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-19-1024x631.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-19-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-19-768x473.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-19.png 1168w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Michaelson interferometer experimental setup<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"393\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-20-1024x393.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-165582\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-20-1024x393.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-20-300x115.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-20-768x294.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-20-1536x589.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-20.png 1761w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Fringe intensity modulation as a result of SLM input for a red laser<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background\">Deformable Mirror Calibration<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The same Michaelson interferometer was used to characterize the deformable mirror.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The deformable mirror was determined to have some curvature.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We attempted to correct this curvature by manipulating various Zernike coefficients in the Thorlabs DM software.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"756\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-21-1024x756.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-165602\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-21-1024x756.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-21-300x222.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-21-768x567.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-21-1536x1135.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-21.png 1803w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Interferograms resulting from various deformable mirror Zernike<br>inputs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background\">Demonstration of Spectral Interference<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>To achieve spectral interference, the reference and test arm path length needed to be as close as possible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We used an OZ Optics computer controlled delay line to achieve interference once the path lengths were as close as possible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Achieving spectral interference with this setup will enable us to measure flying focus trajectories in the future.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"920\" height=\"690\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-165692\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-23.png 920w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-23-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-23-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Integrated experimental setup<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized mb-0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"816\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-22-1024x816.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-165652\" style=\"width:851px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-22-1024x816.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-22-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-22-768x612.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-22.png 1224w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Spectral interferometry results<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background\">Future Work<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,255,255) 0%,rgba(0,59,140,0.84) 84%)\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Achieving spectral interference is a small step in achieving a tunable ultrafast flying focus. Further research is needed to prove the viability of this technique through modeling and experimental methods.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Modeling:<\/strong> <br>&#8211; Determine whether this DM gives enough precision in radial group delay <br>&#8211; Determine if a more expensive DM will lead to better precision <br>&#8211; Determine the margin of error in a flying focus trajectory if adaptive optics elements are not aligned correctly with optical axis <br>-Determine the most extreme focal trajectories that are possible with this setup.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Experimental:<\/strong> <br>-Explore mounting DM and SLM on a 2-axis piezoelectric stage to perfectly align the center axes to the incoming beam.<br>&#8211; Use FaroArm to determine accuracy of DM sag<br>-Examine the effect of using SLM and DM off-axis <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background\">Acknowledgements and References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Thank you to my advisors Dr. Jeremy Pigeon and Professor John Palastro for their help throughout this project. I would also like to thank the LLE for their continued support of undergraduate research. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Spatiotemporal control of laser intensity. <\/em>D. H. Froula, D. Turnbull, A. S. Davies, T. J. Kessler, D. Haberberger, J. P. Palastro, S.-W. Bahk, I. A. Begishev, R. Boni, S. Bucht, J. Katz, and J. L. Shaw. 2018, Nature Photonics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ultrabroadband flying-focus using an <\/em><em>axiparabola<\/em><em>-echelon pair. <\/em>J. J. Pigeon, P. Franke, M. Lim Pac Chong, J. Katz, R. Boni, J. P. Palastro, and D. H. Froula. 2023, Optics Express<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Programmable-trajectory ultrafast flying focus pulses. <\/em>M. V. Ambat, J. L. Shaw, J. J. Pigeon, K. G. Miller, T. T. Simpson, D. H. Froula, and J. P. Palastro. 2023, Opt. Express.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The goal of this thesis is to design and build a tunable flying focus experimental setup using adaptive optics. The flying focus technique produces an extended intensity peak which moves at a designed focal velocity independent of the medium group velocity. This requires an optical system that can extend the focal region beyond the Rayleigh length as well as impart sufficient radial group delay to achieve spatiotemporal control. An axiparabola is used to extend the focal region and a deformable mirror imparts a user defined radial group delay to achieve spatiotemporal control. The tunability of this technique will be used to optimize secondary source generation experiments such as laser wakefield acceleration and terahertz generation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6242,"featured_media":165822,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4442,136],"tags":[],"coauthors":[8612],"class_list":["post-154392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archive","category-opt-ope-archive"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tunable trajectory ultrabroadband flying focus experimental setup using adaptive optics - Senior Design Day<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/tunable-trajectory-ultrabroadband-flying-focus-experimental-setup-using-adaptive-optics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tunable trajectory ultrabroadband flying focus experimental setup using adaptive optics - Senior Design Day\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The goal of this thesis is to design and build a tunable flying focus experimental setup using adaptive optics. The flying focus technique produces an extended intensity peak which moves at a designed focal velocity independent of the medium group velocity. This requires an optical system that can extend the focal region beyond the Rayleigh length as well as impart sufficient radial group delay to achieve spatiotemporal control. An axiparabola is used to extend the focal region and a deformable mirror imparts a user defined radial group delay to achieve spatiotemporal control. 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