{"id":154492,"date":"2024-05-03T09:30:32","date_gmt":"2024-05-03T13:30:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?p=154492"},"modified":"2025-05-02T15:19:06","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T19:19:06","slug":"circle-meta-rama-hybrid-refractive-metalens-design-project","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/circle-meta-rama-hybrid-refractive-metalens-design-project\/","title":{"rendered":"CIRCLE-META-RAMA: Hybrid Refractive Metalens Design Project"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Team Members<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-arial-font-family\">Yimin Chen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-arial-font-family\">Suheng Peng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-arial-font-family\">Xinyan (Cecile) Wang<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Customer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-arial-font-family\">Andy Kurtz<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-arial-font-family\">John Bowron<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Faculty Advisor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Prof. Jaime Cardenas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">The camera system of Circle Optics is a 360-degree field-of-view stitching-free camera system used for small drones, entertainment, or robotics. The goal of our project is to create a hybrid optical design of the Circle Optics camera system including&nbsp;metalenses, glass, and plastic lenses. Metalenses&nbsp;are optical elements&nbsp;which utilize sub-wavelength features to manipulate the phase of incident light. These tiny features, called meta-atoms, are&nbsp;arranged in an array to&nbsp;optimize the wavefront.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"791\" height=\"769\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Hydra.png-1-edited.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-177982\" style=\"width:347px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Hydra.png-1-edited.webp 791w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Hydra.png-1-edited-300x292.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Hydra.png-1-edited-768x747.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 791px) 100vw, 791px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Circle Optics Hydra II: world&#8217;s first-ever stitchless 360-degree camera.<sup data-fn=\"33d9c193-9cb0-4066-8729-7cd98609cb8c\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#33d9c193-9cb0-4066-8729-7cd98609cb8c\" id=\"33d9c193-9cb0-4066-8729-7cd98609cb8c-link\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Our approach is to explore the current advantages and limits of meta-optics with Meta-Optic Designer and&nbsp;PlanOpSim, and&nbsp;complete some meta-optics lab tests using a&nbsp;MoxTek metalens&nbsp;sample.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Design Methods<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"650\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-02-at-9.08.50\u202fPM-1024x650.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-178382\" style=\"width:611px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-02-at-9.08.50\u202fPM-1024x650.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-02-at-9.08.50\u202fPM-300x191.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-02-at-9.08.50\u202fPM-768x488.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-02-at-9.08.50\u202fPM-1536x975.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2024-05-02-at-9.08.50\u202fPM.png 1770w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">System and project block diagram.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>In this project, we are not responsible for the Opto-Mechanics and Sensor and Electronics of the system. The scope of this project is to focus on the lens system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We utilized two softwares to design a hybrid design for Circle Optics\u2019 camera system: MetaOptic Designer and PlanOpSim.&nbsp;Regarding to the first software, the way to approach this problem is to gradually create more and more complex problems for MetaOptic Designer to tackle, so we began with a hybrid Cooke Triplet design. With a hybrid Cooke Triplet design, we found out the capabilities and the limitations of the MetaOptic Designer. Then we moved onto the Circle Optics\u2019 camera system, with one on-axis field and three wavelengths, we performed simulation and metalens design on replacing the telecentricity group and conic group separately. In parallel to MetaOptic Designer, we started PlanOpSim by taking out the last two&nbsp;elements and modeling the wavefront&nbsp;in Zernike Polynomials. We constructed a metalens that simulates the same phase and intensity profile as the replaced group over the same spectrum with a similar radius.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Simulation in MetaOptic Designer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In MetaOptic Designer, we created the Circle Optics\u2019 camera system lens materials in the\u00a0RSoft. Due to limitations of the MetaOptic Designer, we scaled the Effective Focal Length (EFL) of the Circle Optics camera system by a factor of 0.5 before we ran simulations. With on-axis\u00a0field and\u00a0visible spectrum, we first replaced the last air-spaced doublet in the telecentricity group.\u00a0We tried three types of meta-atoms in the MOD database: hexagonal\u00a0Si<sub>3<\/sub>N<sub>4<\/sub>, circular Si<sub>3<\/sub>N<sub>4<\/sub>, and square TiO<sub>2<\/sub>. Among three hybrid designs, the\u00a0metalens\u00a0uses hexagonal Si<sub>3<\/sub>N<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0shown the best performance, with the on-axis MTF to be around 0.2 at 100\u00a0lp\/mm for three wavelengths.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"972\" height=\"758\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture1-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-182102\" style=\"width:489px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture1-2.png 972w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture1-2-300x234.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture1-2-768x599.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 972px) 100vw, 972px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Metalens design parameter (replaced air-spaced doublet in telecentricity group) after optimization using on-axis field and visible spectrum with MetaOptic Designer hex Si<sub>3<\/sub>N<sub>4<\/sub> database.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Then, we tried to replace lens 5 of the camera system, which includes an aspheric surface and a conic surface. We used a circle camera system which was scaled by a factor of 0.75. With on-axis\u00a0field and\u00a0visible spectrum, we found out that the results were not good unless we used the Si<sub>3<\/sub>N<sub>4<\/sub> database. There are many more parameters that we could have varied.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"538\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture2-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-182112\" style=\"width:488px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture2-4.png 538w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Picture2-4-300x241.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 538px) 100vw, 538px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Metalens design parameter (replaced one lens in conic group) after optimization using on-axis field and visible spectrum with MetaOptic Designer hex Si<sub>3<\/sub>N<sub>4<\/sub> database.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"538\" height=\"432\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-103.png\" alt=\"This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Picture2-4.png\" class=\"wp-image-182252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-103.png 538w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/image-103-300x241.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 538px) 100vw, 538px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>However, MTF curves generated by the MetaOptic Designer looks very unusual and shows a worse result compared to the original lens design.\u00a0MetaOptic Designer is still a developing tool, with its own software related issues. This could explain the lower MTFs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Simulation in PlanOpSim<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In PlanOpSim, based on the on-axis, visible-spectrum wavefront, shape, and radius of the last air-spaced doublet, we simulated a 4&#215;4 mm\u00a0metalens\u00a0that generates the same wavefront information and phase information. This\u00a0metalens\u00a0consists of eight kinds of TiO<sub>2<\/sub> circular pillars with different radii from 10\u00a0to 225 nm, with a transmission of 92%. The result phase profile is described in Cartesian Zernike Coefficients and simulated in a scaled-down version in\u00a0PlanOpSim-based analysis. By zooming into the center of the metalens output, we can see some bullseye and crossed patterns in the picture, which indicates that this metalens should be working to achieve the wavefront pattern targets we set in the optimization process. Unfortunately, PlanOpSim does not have a built-in MTF like MetaOptic Designer. Performance analysis will require importing the\u00a0metalens\u00a0into\u00a0CodeV\u00a0or\u00a0Zemax. Replacing two classic components that are used for telecentric purposes in this system with a\u00a0metalens singlet is proven possible.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"832\" height=\"474\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/pos3-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-179162\" style=\"width:671px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/pos3-1.png 832w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/pos3-1-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/pos3-1-768x438.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 832px) 100vw, 832px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Zoomed in to the center of the metalens output after optimization using on axis field and visible spectrum with PlanOpSim TiO<sub>2<\/sub> circular pillars.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-helvetica-font-family has-custom-font\" style=\"font-family:Helvetica\">Metalens Sample Under Optical Microscope &amp; Scanning Electron Microscope<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Moxtek has provided the University with a metalens sample. The clear aperture of the metalens is 2 mm in diameter on 0.7 mm thick Eagle XG glass substrates. The lenses were designed for only 532 nm wavelength light. In addition, the sample has a focal length of 0.5 mm. These details can help orientate what kind of physical dimensions are realistically manufacturable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Optical Microscope<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When it comes to what we can test with the sample, we have several options. Firstly, we were given very little information on the metasurface atoms. It was valuable to inspect the metalens under an optical microscope.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/8-10x-3-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-182072\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/8-10x-3-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/8-10x-3-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/8-10x-3-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/8-10x-3-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/8-10x-3-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/8-10x-3-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>MoxTek metalens sample under light microscope (10x).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3-50x-4-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-182062\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3-50x-4-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3-50x-4-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3-50x-4-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3-50x-4-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3-50x-4-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3-50x-4-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Center of the sample under light microscope (50x).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Scanning electron microscopy is an imaging technique which can easily image the meta atoms in the metalens. Scanning electron microscope relies on the sample being conductive for imaging. Unfortunately, the glass which makes up the metalens from MoxTek is not a conductive material. This means that we needed to gold sputter coat the sample before the SEM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div aria-label=\"Carousel Gallery\" class=\"wp-block-coblocks-gallery-carousel alignwide\"><div class=\"coblocks-gallery-carousel-swiper-container is-cropped coblocks-gallery has-caption-style-dark has-horizontal-gutter has-lightbox has-no-thumbnails\"><div class=\"has-carousel has-carousel-lrg swiper-container has-aligned-cells has-responsive-height\" data-swiper=\"{&quot;alignCells&quot;:true,&quot;autoPlay&quot;:true,&quot;autoPlaySpeed&quot;:3000,&quot;draggable&quot;:false,&quot;freeMode&quot;:false,&quot;loop&quot;:false,&quot;navigation&quot;:true,&quot;pageDots&quot;:false,&quot;pauseHover&quot;:true,&quot;responsiveHeight&quot;:true,&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:2,&quot;thumbnails&quot;:false,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;12345&quot;}\" style=\"height:400px\"><div class=\"swiper-wrapper\"><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><div class=\"coblocks-gallery--item\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\"><figure class=\"coblocks-gallery--figure has-margin-left-5 has-margin-left-mobile-5 has-margin-right-5 has-margin-right-mobile-5\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-178722\" data-id=\"178722\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?attachment_id=178722\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/moxtek_03-8.tif\"\/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"coblocks-gallery--caption coblocks-gallery--primary-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><div class=\"coblocks-gallery--item\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"1\"><figure class=\"coblocks-gallery--figure has-margin-left-5 has-margin-left-mobile-5 has-margin-right-5 has-margin-right-mobile-5\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-178742\" data-id=\"178742\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?attachment_id=178742\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/moxtek_04.tif\"\/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"coblocks-gallery--caption coblocks-gallery--primary-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><div class=\"coblocks-gallery--item\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"2\"><figure class=\"coblocks-gallery--figure has-margin-left-5 has-margin-left-mobile-5 has-margin-right-5 has-margin-right-mobile-5\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-178752\" data-id=\"178752\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?attachment_id=178752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/moxtek_11.tif\"\/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"coblocks-gallery--caption coblocks-gallery--primary-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><div class=\"coblocks-gallery--item\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"3\"><figure class=\"coblocks-gallery--figure has-margin-left-5 has-margin-left-mobile-5 has-margin-right-5 has-margin-right-mobile-5\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-178772\" data-id=\"178772\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?attachment_id=178772\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/moxtek_20.tif\"\/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"coblocks-gallery--caption coblocks-gallery--primary-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><div class=\"coblocks-gallery--item\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"4\"><figure class=\"coblocks-gallery--figure has-margin-left-5 has-margin-left-mobile-5 has-margin-right-5 has-margin-right-mobile-5\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-178792\" data-id=\"178792\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?attachment_id=178792\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/moxtek_50deg_25.tif\"\/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"coblocks-gallery--caption coblocks-gallery--primary-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><div class=\"coblocks-gallery--item\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"5\"><figure class=\"coblocks-gallery--figure has-margin-left-5 has-margin-left-mobile-5 has-margin-right-5 has-margin-right-mobile-5\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-178882\" data-id=\"178882\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?attachment_id=178882\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/moxtek_50deg_22-1.tif\"\/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"coblocks-gallery--caption coblocks-gallery--primary-caption\">F<\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><div class=\"coblocks-gallery--item\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"6\"><figure class=\"coblocks-gallery--figure has-margin-left-5 has-margin-left-mobile-5 has-margin-right-5 has-margin-right-mobile-5\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-178892\" data-id=\"178892\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?attachment_id=178892\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/moxtek_18-1.tif\"\/><\/figure><figcaption class=\"coblocks-gallery--caption coblocks-gallery--primary-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/div><\/div><\/div><button class=\"nav-button__prev\" id=\"12345-prev\"><svg class=\"icon\" style=\"transform:rotate(180deg)\"><\/svg><\/button><button class=\"nav-button__next\" id=\"12345-next\"><svg class=\"icon\"><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Images of the MoxTek sample under SEM<\/summary>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Figure 1: Image of the very center of\u00a0metalens. We can see a series of ringed valleys in the meta-atom structure. This means this sample has multiple layers of meta-atoms;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Figure 2: Zoomed in image of one of the ridges at the center of the metalens;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Figure 3: Image near the edge of the\u00a0metalens. We can see that instead of rings, there are individual\u00a0gaps in the meta-atom array;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Figure 4: Zoomed in image of one of the ridges near the center of the metalens from the top down view;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Figure 5: Zooming in more on the center, at an angle of 50 degrees. We can clearly see the ridge and the second layer of meta-atoms;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Figure 6: Image of\u00a0the\u00a0ringed valleys at the same position as Figure 4,\u00a0at an angle of 50 degrees;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Figure 7: Moxtek logo on the metalens aperture under SEM.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Discussion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It was very difficult to design a hybrid system in MetaOptic Designer due to the computational limitations. We would expect the result is not accurate because the software could not perform simulation or analysis with the original lens size, but the meta-atom shape and material is chosen for future work. Considering the meta-atom pattern and arrangement we saw in the MoxTek metalens sample, the simulation result from PlanOpSim using wavefront construction is more promising.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To manufacture metalenses, the employment of nanostructure devices is essential. The main techniques available nowadays are E-beam lithography, DUV lithography, and nanoimprint lithography. While these methods are only good for printing complex patterns on a flat surface, they face limitations when it comes to varying the thickness of the lens.<sup data-fn=\"23b8b977-d254-4b15-bc19-e5e125b8cc25\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#23b8b977-d254-4b15-bc19-e5e125b8cc25\" id=\"23b8b977-d254-4b15-bc19-e5e125b8cc25-link\">2<\/a><\/sup> According to the MoxTek website, the sample we got was manufactured by using nanoimprint lithography. This method is known for its efficiency and precision in pattern replication. MoxTek further enhances the quality and consistency of their products by implementing the Statistical Process Control (SPC) monitoring of post-print Critical Dimension (CD) repeatability.<sup data-fn=\"4e56461c-5740-4713-999e-eb157d939ac3\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#4e56461c-5740-4713-999e-eb157d939ac3\" id=\"4e56461c-5740-4713-999e-eb157d939ac3-link\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-footnotes\"><li id=\"33d9c193-9cb0-4066-8729-7cd98609cb8c\">https:\/\/circleoptics.com\/hydra\/ <a href=\"#33d9c193-9cb0-4066-8729-7cd98609cb8c-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 1\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"23b8b977-d254-4b15-bc19-e5e125b8cc25\">https:\/\/www.ansys.com\/blog\/what-is-a-metalens <a href=\"#23b8b977-d254-4b15-bc19-e5e125b8cc25-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 2\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"4e56461c-5740-4713-999e-eb157d939ac3\">https:\/\/moxtek.com\/optics-product\/nanostructure-solutions\/ <a href=\"#4e56461c-5740-4713-999e-eb157d939ac3-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 3\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Team Members Customer Faculty Advisor Prof. Jaime Cardenas Abstract The camera system of Circle Optics is a 360-degree field-of-view stitching-free camera system used for small drones, entertainment, or robotics. The&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14052,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"ArialArialHelvetica,,","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"https:\/\/circleoptics.com\/hydra\/\",\"id\":\"33d9c193-9cb0-4066-8729-7cd98609cb8c\"},{\"content\":\"https:\/\/www.ansys.com\/blog\/what-is-a-metalens\",\"id\":\"23b8b977-d254-4b15-bc19-e5e125b8cc25\"},{\"content\":\"https:\/\/moxtek.com\/optics-product\/nanostructure-solutions\/\",\"id\":\"4e56461c-5740-4713-999e-eb157d939ac3\"}]"},"categories":[4442,136],"tags":[],"coauthors":[18202],"class_list":["post-154492","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archive","category-opt-ope-archive"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CIRCLE-META-RAMA: Hybrid Refractive Metalens Design Project - Senior Design Day<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The camera system of Circle Optics is a 360-degree field-of-view stitching-free camera system used for small drones. 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