{"id":215472,"date":"2026-05-04T11:39:27","date_gmt":"2026-05-04T15:39:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?p=215472"},"modified":"2026-05-05T10:10:01","modified_gmt":"2026-05-05T14:10:01","slug":"studio-quality-microphone-preamplifier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/studio-quality-microphone-preamplifier\/","title":{"rendered":"Studio Quality Microphone Preamplifier"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p><strong>Team Members<\/strong>: Jared Lipkin, William Seastrand, Ajay Sujaritha Ganesh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Advisors:<\/strong> Michael Heilemann, Dan Phinney                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1538\" height=\"918\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-03-at-11.59.59-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-247552\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.675392670157068;width:818px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-03-at-11.59.59-PM.png 1538w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-03-at-11.59.59-PM-300x179.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-03-at-11.59.59-PM-1024x611.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-03-at-11.59.59-PM-768x458.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-03-at-11.59.59-PM-1536x917.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1538px) 100vw, 1538px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is it and why is it important?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ad2f72ca wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-content-justification-right is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-3a8be3b7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ad2f72ca wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p>Preamplifiers are the foundational link in any audio signal chain. Whether recording a voice memo, or tracking a record in a professional studio, the preamplifier is vital in bringing your sound to the next level (line level that is).&nbsp;                                                                                                                                                               <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The analog signal generated from any microphone is quiet, weak, and susceptible to noise interference. For this reason, any recorded signal from a microphone needs to be brought up to line level, at which point it is strong high fidelity audio.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Mic Level:<\/span> The voltage strength of an analog audio signal, directly out of a microphone and through XLR cables. This is typically around 1 &#8211; 10mV.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Line Level:<\/span> The voltage strength of the input signal post-preamplifier, used to send audio between components before it is through a power amplifier to drive speakers. This is typically around 1 &#8211; 2V.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"132\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.09.17-AM-1024x132.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-248192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.09.17-AM-1024x132.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.09.17-AM-300x39.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.09.17-AM-768x99.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.09.17-AM-1536x198.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.09.17-AM.png 1584w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Project Goal and Objectives<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Design and fabricate a low-noise, 2-channel microphone preamplifier for a local Grammy-Winning audio engineer, Ignacio \u201cNacho\u201d Molino, by utilizing vacuum tubes and\/or discrete transistors and\/or operational amplifiers.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Allow for it to interface with dynamic and condenser microphones, using standard XLR connectors, and mounted in a standard mixing console or rack.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Achieve less than -90dBu of noise at unity gain<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Achieve less than 0.1dB variance in frequency response between 10Hz and 20kHz.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meet with the customer regularly to receive feedback and provide updates on the state of our product throughout the year.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Individual Design Approaches<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We each took on three main component-based approaches to preamp design listed below, in an initial attempt to finalize a direction for our design.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"332\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-1.22.34-AM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-247792\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.7868378231784487;width:116px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-1.22.34-AM.png 332w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-1.22.34-AM-236x300.png 236w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 332px) 100vw, 332px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Operational Amplifiers:<\/span> Tiny black box\/chip containing two inputs, in which the voltage difference between both are amplified.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"694\" height=\"898\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-1.25.17-AM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-247802\" style=\"width:148px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-1.25.17-AM.png 694w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-1.25.17-AM-232x300.png 232w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Transistors:<\/span> Switch based amplifier that turns on a large electric current to amplify an input signal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"256\" height=\"610\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-1.28.06-AM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-247812\" style=\"width:102px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-1.28.06-AM.png 256w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-1.28.06-AM-126x300.png 126w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Tubes:<\/span> Bulb shaped devices that act as voltage controlled valves, passing through and amplifying small electrical signals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Conclusion<\/span>                                                                                                                                                                           <\/strong><em>Op-amps possess little controllability, while the over-saturation of tubes strayed away from our customer\u2019s desired functionality of our product. Therefore, we committed to a transistor based approach, as it would provide clean output and involve maximum control over the design process.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Initial Survey of Preamplifiers<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p>Before our initial design, three preamplifiers in Gavett Studio, with distinct selling points and known design elements similar to our customer\u2019s go-to\u2019s, were tested to determine how circuitry affects sonic quality, what makes a popular preamplifier successful, and the final direction of our design.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"414\" height=\"126\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.36.31-AM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-248352\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.36.31-AM.png 414w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.36.31-AM-300x91.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Grace m501:<\/span> Balanced, transformerless, stepped gain<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"786\" height=\"352\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.39.17-AM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-248362\" style=\"width:450px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.39.17-AM.png 786w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.39.17-AM-300x134.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.39.17-AM-768x344.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 786px) 100vw, 786px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Neve 4081:<\/span> Class A\/B, transformer balancing, 5dB digital gain controls<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"952\" height=\"268\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-6.43.57-AM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-248512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-6.43.57-AM.png 952w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-6.43.57-AM-300x84.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-6.43.57-AM-768x216.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 952px) 100vw, 952px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Manley Voxbox:<\/span> Vacuum tube amplification, transformer-coupled input <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Blind Mix Test<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We decided to record a cover of \u201c<em>More Than a Feeling<\/em>\u201d, a rock tune in Nacho&#8217;s wheelhouse of mixing catalogue. In Gavett Studio on the University of Rochester&#8217;s campus, we recorded guitar, bass, drums, and vocals going into each of the above preamps simultaneously. After sending an unlabeled mix to Nacho, he correctly identified the microphone and preamplifier 82% of the time. This outcome proved that preamplifier design is not arbitrary, and confirmed our design intent of a clean sounding preamp with the option to drive the signal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Subsystem Design<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Power Supply Circuit<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In order for any device to function, a power supply is necessary to transform power from any outlet into clean usable voltage, specific to the device\u2019s needs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Our device requires three separate voltages including 46VDC, 30VDC, and 5VDC to power the gain stages and phantom power, drive circuit and high pass filter, and LEDs, respectively.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Switching devices were implemented for each power stage, to achieve high efficiency and noise reduction. A switching converter steps 120VAC to 46VDC, followed by switching regulators that derive the 30V and 5V rails.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Capacitor + Inductor + series pass transistor circuit networks were implemented between stages to reduce ripple voltage to less than 1mV, providing clean stable power for the various features of our preamplifier. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1992\" height=\"1374\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-247602\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.4497990884819718;width:816px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1.png 1992w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1-300x207.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1-1024x706.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1-768x530.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1-1536x1059.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-1-1920x1324.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1992px) 100vw, 1992px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Power Supply Schematic<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"552\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-247612\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3.7102875595878824;width:819px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-2.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-2-300x81.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-2-1024x276.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-2-768x207.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-2-1536x414.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-2-1920x518.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Power Supply PCB Design<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Main Preamplifier Circuit<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now for the primary purpose of this device, the main amplification boards utilize 5dB and 20dB transistor based gain stages. The stages cascade in a stepped gain format from the user&#8217;s perspective, ranging from +0 to +75dB. This allowed for the easiest development process and minimizing component count while still allowing for complete flexibility.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1384\" height=\"694\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-6.56.42-AM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-248652\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.9942871981303558;width:810px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-6.56.42-AM.png 1384w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-6.56.42-AM-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-6.56.42-AM-1024x513.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-6.56.42-AM-768x385.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1384px) 100vw, 1384px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Stepped Gain Logic<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p>Outside of the main amplification circuitry, a 3rd order high pass filter was implemented in order to reduce any incoming noise below 75Hz significantly for a clean and minimally noisy signal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LEDs are implemented at the output for visual confirmation of controls in addition to aesthetics. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"952\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.17.43-AM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-248282\" style=\"width:820px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.17.43-AM.png 952w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.17.43-AM-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.17.43-AM-768x549.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 952px) 100vw, 952px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Main Amplification Board PCB Design<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">User Interface<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The front panel layout for this design was determined by personal aesthetic taste, customer request, and PCB layout considerations. It includes an output level meter on each channel, which serves as a reference when dialing in optimal gain levels.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1116\" height=\"222\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-12.42.27-AM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-247682\" style=\"aspect-ratio:5.027118010099121;width:827px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-12.42.27-AM.png 1116w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-12.42.27-AM-300x60.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-12.42.27-AM-1024x204.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-12.42.27-AM-768x153.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1116px) 100vw, 1116px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Controls<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Drive Effect Circuit<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the primary goal of the project being transparent amplification, the customer wanted the option to color the signal with the preamplifier before it goes to his recording device.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This circuit was designed to reside within the corner of the main PCB, with controls for diode soft clipping amount, bass and treble controls, and makeup gain. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The final stages of the drive circuit utilize a Germanium BJT Transistor and an N-Channel JFET, both biased to lightly clip the signal, adding a characteristic warm tone.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>While much of the recording industry is standardized, custom-designed effects such as this are important for musicians and recording engineers to develop a unique, recognizable sound.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1544\" height=\"1070\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.12.46-AM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-248232\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.443027781505838;width:806px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.12.46-AM.png 1544w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.12.46-AM-300x208.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.12.46-AM-1024x710.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.12.46-AM-768x532.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-2.12.46-AM-1536x1064.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1544px) 100vw, 1544px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Drive Circuit Schematic<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1040\" height=\"508\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-247662\" style=\"aspect-ratio:2.0472980692334057;width:809px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4.png 1040w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-1024x500.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-4-768x375.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1040px) 100vw, 1040px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Drive Circuit PCB Design<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Acknowledgements<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thanks to Ignacio Molino, Professor Dan Phinney, Professor Michael Heilemann, Professor Stephen Rosessner, Professor Sarah Smith, Professor Jack Mottley, Dr. Dave Anderson, Paul Osborne, Kyle Ohlschlager, Abby Che, Glenn Xiong, Michael George, Shea Thorpe, Magdalena Beer, Harrison Candelario, and Logan Cuda for their knowledge, talent, support, and resources throughout this process.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Team Members: Jared Lipkin, William Seastrand, Ajay Sujaritha Ganesh Advisors: Michael Heilemann, Dan Phinney What is it and why is it important?&nbsp; Preamplifiers are the foundational link in any audio&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18572,"featured_media":248702,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4452,4462],"tags":[],"coauthors":[23622,23632,23642],"class_list":["post-215472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-year","category-ame"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Studio Quality Microphone Preamplifier - Senior Design Day<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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