{"id":216322,"date":"2026-05-04T11:41:33","date_gmt":"2026-05-04T15:41:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?p=216322"},"modified":"2026-05-04T11:41:33","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T15:41:33","slug":"enabling-affordable-single-cell-protein-research-with-thermoelectric-cooling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/enabling-affordable-single-cell-protein-research-with-thermoelectric-cooling\/","title":{"rendered":"Enabling Affordable Single-Cell Protein Research with Thermoelectric Cooling"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IMG_2134-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-243802\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IMG_2134-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IMG_2134-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IMG_2134-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IMG_2134-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IMG_2134-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IMG_2134-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"#background\">Background<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"#design\">Design<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"#prototyping\">Prototyping<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"#future\">Future Directions<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"#people\">People<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"background\">Making Single-Cell Proteomics More Accessible<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike DNA and RNA, protein expression cannot be amplified. This makes single-cell proteomics research highly sensative to sample loss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cellenion.com\/products\/cellenone\/\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/www.cellenion.com\/products\/cellenone\/\">cellenONE single cell dispenser<\/a> offers temperature and humidity control to prevent evaporative losses during cell depositing. Unfortunately the high cost and maintenance fees for the device make it inaccessible to cost constrained labs, limiting the availability of single-cell proteomics research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With Dr. Kyle Swovick of the University of Rochetser Medical Center, we aimed to create a device to minimize evaporative losses that is compatible with the more affordable <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tecan.com\/uno\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/www.tecan.com\/uno\">Tecan Uno<\/a> single cell dispenser. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Device Workflow\/Use Scenario<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The Tecan Uno workflow prevents evaporation loss by using hexadecane oil to create an immiscible barrier. In order to do this, the oil must be kept solid while cells are dispensed. Once cells are completely deposited, the oil is brought up to liquid where it protects the cell from evaporative loss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once the cell is lysed, the wells are centrifuged to transfer contents to pipette tips for further processing and mass spectrometry analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"717\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/BiorenderFig-1024x717.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-242082\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.4281488962631654;width:467px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/BiorenderFig-1024x717.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/BiorenderFig-300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/BiorenderFig-768x538.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/BiorenderFig.png 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sample Workflow Diagram<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"design\">Design<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"818\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WebsitePlaceHolder-1024x818.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-241382\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.2518628912071534;width:706px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WebsitePlaceHolder-1024x818.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WebsitePlaceHolder-300x240.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WebsitePlaceHolder-768x613.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WebsitePlaceHolder-1536x1227.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/WebsitePlaceHolder.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Our device uses Peltier thermoelectric chips to control the temperature as cells are dispensed from the Uno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-size:16px\"><summary><strong>The Cooling Array<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p style=\"font-size:18px\">The cooling array is built of two peltier chips that use current to create a temperature differential. An inverted 96 well plate sits ontop of the cold side of the Peltier chips with a thin copper sheet inbetween to more evenly distribute the heat from the chips across the well plate. A 3D printed holder keeps the well plate in place during deposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260503_133938-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-241632\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260503_133938-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260503_133938-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260503_133938-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260503_133938-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260503_133938-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/20260503_133938-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Plate Holder with Copper Sheet &amp; Inverted Wells<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\" style=\"font-size:16px\"><summary><strong>Heat Sinks &amp; Box<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p style=\"font-size:18px\">To dissipate the heat from the hot side of the Peltier chips, we used two aluminum heat sink fins and a blower fan that circulates air through the fins. The device sits on a 3D printed platform that allows the entire device to fit on the Tecan footprint.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_1459-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-241942\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_1459-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_1459-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_1459-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_1459-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_1459-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_1459-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Heat Sink and Fan Setup<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><strong>The Circuit<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>To control the fan and Peltier chips an interface circuit was created. The entire device is powered by a 20 Volt, 3.5 Amp, AC to DC power converter. Two buck converters are used to control the voltage and current to both the fan and chips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_0200-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-242052\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_0200-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_0200-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_0200-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_0200-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_0200-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IMG_0200-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Circuit Components<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"prototyping\">Device Development<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Prototype-edited.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-243862\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Prototype-edited.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Prototype-edited-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Prototype-edited-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Prototype-edited-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Prototype-edited-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Prototype-edited-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Our device went through many different iterations before we reached the final design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><strong>Initial Design<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>We started with a simple Peltier chip, small copper fin, and fan design. During testing we realized that a single fan was not strong enough to dissipate heat generated, so me moved to a two fan, single chip, design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SingleChip-1024x768.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-242562\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SingleChip-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SingleChip-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SingleChip-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SingleChip-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SingleChip-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SingleChip.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Single Peltier Chip Design<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/TwoFanCHip-1024x768.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-242572\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/TwoFanCHip-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/TwoFanCHip-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/TwoFanCHip-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/TwoFanCHip-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/TwoFanCHip-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/TwoFanCHip.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Two Fan, Single Chip Design<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><strong>Heat Spreader Plate<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>After initial testing, only the wells directly above the chip reached the desired temperature. We moved forward with an aluminum heat spreader to sit on top chips to disperse the temperature evenly across the decive. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/20260503_161046-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-242702\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/20260503_161046-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/20260503_161046-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/20260503_161046-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/20260503_161046-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/20260503_161046-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/20260503_161046-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Aluminum Heat Spreader<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>After futher testing we decided on a thin copper sheet as the heat spreader.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><strong>Final Design Decision<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>The device was able get low enough to freeze the oil, but it was not consistent enough to be considered reliable. For the final design we decided to add another Peltier chip and heat sink, as well as get a more powerful fan, to improve the performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IMG_1465-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-242732\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IMG_1465-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IMG_1465-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IMG_1465-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IMG_1465-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IMG_1465-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IMG_1465-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Picture During Final Design Testing<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"future\">Future Directions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mass production or creating kit with all materials included.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Be able to comply with different devices and workflows.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Create a more autonomous system with temperature controller feedback.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"people\">People<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Team Members<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Caroline Auborn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jarvy Chen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kathryn Lambright<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Liam O&#8217;Donnell<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Supervisor<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dr. Anne Luebke<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Customer<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dr. Kyle Swovick<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Making Single-Cell Proteomics More Accessible Unlike DNA and RNA, protein expression cannot be amplified. This makes single-cell proteomics research highly sensative to sample loss. 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