{"id":216952,"date":"2026-05-04T11:49:26","date_gmt":"2026-05-04T15:49:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?p=216952"},"modified":"2026-05-04T11:49:26","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T15:49:26","slug":"rel8ed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/rel8ed\/","title":{"rendered":"Rel8ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-hero alignfull coblocks-hero-322115438307\"><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-hero__inner bg-cover has-background-image bg-no-repeat bg-center-center hero-center-center-align has-padding has-huge-padding has-center-content\" style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/6fe6bc07-5c96-4ef5-8680-e6152f5e7988.jpg);min-height:500px\"><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-hero__content-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-hero__content\" style=\"max-width:560px\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-lineheight has-custom-letterspacing\" style=\"line-height:1.75;letter-spacing:1.3px;font-size:50px\">Corporate Linkage Detection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cA Three-Stage Stacked Machine Learning Pipeline for Detecting and Classifying Company Ownership Relationships.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Group 6 \u00b7 Rel8ed Alvin Yao \u00b7 Grayson Gong \u00b7 Alex Li \u00b7 Frank Peng University of Rochester \u00b7 In collaboration with Rel8ed.to<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline has-custom-lineheight has-custom-letterspacing is-style-outline--1\" style=\"line-height:1.21;letter-spacing:2.1px;font-size:12px\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#meet-the-team\">Meet the Team<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline has-custom-lineheight has-custom-letterspacing is-style-outline--2\" style=\"line-height:1.21;letter-spacing:2.1px;font-size:12px\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#Data-overview\">Data Overview<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline has-custom-lineheight has-custom-letterspacing is-style-outline--3\" style=\"line-height:1.21;letter-spacing:2.1px;font-size:12px\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#methodology\">Methodology<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline has-custom-lineheight has-custom-letterspacing is-style-outline--4\" style=\"line-height:1.21;letter-spacing:2.1px;font-size:12px\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#results\">Results<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline has-custom-lineheight has-custom-letterspacing is-style-outline--5\" style=\"line-height:1.21;letter-spacing:2.1px;font-size:12px\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"#challenges\">Challenges\/Next Steps<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"meet-the-team\" style=\"font-size:45px\">Meet the Team<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Alvin Yao<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Model Training &amp; Evaluation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Developed performance diagnostics and visualized stage-by-stage model behavior. Authored the next-steps and challenge discussion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Grayson Gong<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pipeline Architect<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Designed the three-stage hierarchical classifier, engineered pairwise relational features, and built the controlled negative-sampling scheme.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Alex Li<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Error Analysis Lead<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Diagnosed the binary-stage bottleneck, identified the most-confused class pairs, and translated the confusion matrix into actionable insights.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Frank Peng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Data Engineering<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Improved the preprocessing pipeline, designed the overall system architecture, and ensured consistent train\/validation\/test partitioning.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Vision &amp; Goals<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Recent suspension of U.S. beneficial-ownership enforcement has weakened centralized transparency, leaving fragmented public registries as the main lens into hidden corporate structures used for tax evasion, money laundering, and shell companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Detect relationships<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Classify relationship type<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Refine hierarchy depth<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Data-overview\" style=\"font-size:45px\">Data Overview<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">The GLEIF LEI Dataset<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"491\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-20-at-12.55.29-AM-1024x491.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-221082\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-20-at-12.55.29-AM-1024x491.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-20-at-12.55.29-AM-300x144.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-20-at-12.55.29-AM-768x368.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-20-at-12.55.29-AM-1536x737.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-20-at-12.55.29-AM-1920x921.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-20-at-12.55.29-AM.png 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">EDA \u00b7 Missing Data Profile<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"520\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-20-at-12.57.13-AM-1024x520.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-221092\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-20-at-12.57.13-AM-1024x520.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-20-at-12.57.13-AM-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-20-at-12.57.13-AM-768x390.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-20-at-12.57.13-AM.png 1342w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Our dataset came in with <strong>100 raw columns<\/strong>, but the missing data was extremely skewed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>73 columns had over 90% missing values<\/strong> \u2014 54 of them were XML-derived fields that were basically empty (99\u2013100% missing), and another 19 were optional regulatory attributes. We dropped all 73 noisy columns before modeling to keep things clean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the remaining features we used a simple, effective imputation strategy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Categorical variables<\/strong> \u2192 filled with \u201cUNK\u201d (preserves the \u201cmissing\u201d signal without inventing fake relationships)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Numerical variables<\/strong> \u2192 filled with 0 or the median, depending on context<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">EDA \u00b7 Geographic Distribution<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"728\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-11.12.40-AM-1024x728.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-221812\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-11.12.40-AM-1024x728.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-11.12.40-AM-300x213.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-11.12.40-AM-768x546.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-11.12.40-AM.png 1258w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:10px\"><strong>Takeaway: geography alone carries real signal \u2014 same-country pairs are far more likely to be linked.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Financial hub concentration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Long tail of jurisdictions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Offshore signals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">EDA \u00b7 Relationship Types<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>CONSOLIDATED       46.3%<\/summary>\n<p>Directly + Ultimately<br>Consolidated By<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>INDIVIDUAL       53.4%<\/summary>\n<p>Fund Managed By,<br>Subfund Of<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>OTHER_RARE.        0.3%<\/summary>\n<p>Feeder To, International<br>Branch Of<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"591\" height=\"303\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-221942\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-7.png 591w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-7-300x154.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info has-custom-weight\" style=\"font-weight:bold;font-size:10px\">Severe class imbalance: IS_FUND-MANAGED_BY alone is 41.5% of edges, while IS_FEEDER_TO and IS_INTERNATIONAL_BRANCH_OF together account for just 0.3% \u2014 this drives our two-tier design.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">EDA \u00b7 Network Structure<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"548\" height=\"252\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-221952\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-8.png 548w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-8-300x138.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"548\" height=\"235\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-221972\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-10.png 548w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-10-300x129.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"570\" height=\"368\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-221982\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-11.png 570w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-11-300x194.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p>\u2022 Power-law distribution \u2014 few hubs, many leaves<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 ~72% domestic relationships, 28% cross-border<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Luxembourg acts as a major international intermediary for fund structures<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"methodology\" style=\"font-size:45px\">Methodology<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">System Architecture<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"888\" height=\"267\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-221992\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-12.png 888w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-12-300x90.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-12-768x231.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 888px) 100vw, 888px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p style=\"font-size:21px\">Stage 1: Binary Detection<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">Logistic Regression predicts whether any relationship exists between a company pair. If NO \u2192 pipeline stops.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">XGBoost assigns a coarse category (CONSOLIDATED \/ INDIVIDUAL \/ OTHER_RARE) to all positive pairs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:21px\">Stage 2: Coarse Type Classifier<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p style=\"font-size:21px\">Stage 3: Direct vs Ultimate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">Specialist XGBoost uses hierarchy-graph features to separate direct from ultimate consolidation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Data Preparation &amp; Train \/ Test Split<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">PREPROCESSING PIPELINE<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"734\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.39.59-PM-1024x734.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222022\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.39.59-PM-1024x734.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.39.59-PM-300x215.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.39.59-PM-768x551.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.39.59-PM.png 1032w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"888\" height=\"838\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.40.15-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222032\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.40.15-PM.png 888w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.40.15-PM-300x283.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.40.15-PM-768x725.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 888px) 100vw, 888px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Feature Engineering<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\"><strong>Engineered 17 pairwise features combining company attributes with graph-derived signal. Every feature operates on a (Company A, Company B) pair, not single entities.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"612\" height=\"339\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222052\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-14.png 612w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-14-300x166.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 612px) 100vw, 612px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"738\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.42.55-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222062\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.42.55-PM.png 540w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.42.55-PM-220x300.png 220w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Stage 1 \u00b7 Binary Link Prediction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"496\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.02-PM-1024x496.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222072\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.02-PM-1024x496.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.02-PM-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.02-PM-768x372.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.02-PM-1536x744.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.02-PM-1920x930.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.02-PM.png 2020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The modeling process begins by constructing a binary classification dataset. Existing relationships are treated as positive samples, while an equal number of synthetic negative pairs are generated by randomly pairing companies that do not have an observed relationship, ensuring no self-pairs or duplicates. Both positive and negative samples are split into training, validation, and testing sets following a 70% \/ 20% \/ 30% structure, where the validation set is used for tuning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Stage 2 \u00b7 Coarse Type Classification<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"496\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.27-PM-1024x496.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222082\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.27-PM-1024x496.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.27-PM-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.27-PM-768x372.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.27-PM-1536x744.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.27-PM-1920x930.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.27-PM.png 2010w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>For pairs predicted as having a relationship, a second model is trained to classify the general type of relationship. This model uses only positive samples from the dataset. To simplify the classification task, rare relationship types are grouped into an Other Rare category, and both direct and ultimate consolidation relationships are combined into a single Consolidated class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Stage 3 \u00b7 Direct vs Ultimate Consolidation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"493\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.58-PM-1024x493.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222092\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.58-PM-1024x493.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.58-PM-300x144.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.58-PM-768x370.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.58-PM-1536x739.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.58-PM-1920x924.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.45.58-PM.png 2036w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A third specialized model is introduced to distinguish between direct and ultimate consolidation relationships within the subset classified as Consolidated. First, a directed graph is constructed using only direct consolidation relationships, representing the hierarchical structure of company ownership. From this graph, additional hierarchy-based features are extracted, including node degrees within the direct graph, depth to root (distance to the top-level par-ent), path length between entities, and indicators capturing relative positions in the hierarchy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"results\" style=\"font-size:45px\">Results<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Final Stacked System Results<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"515\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.47.25-PM-1024x515.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.47.25-PM-1024x515.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.47.25-PM-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.47.25-PM-768x386.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.47.25-PM-1536x773.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.47.25-PM-1920x966.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.47.25-PM.png 2020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The final stacked system combines all three models and achieves an overall accuracy of 0.852. The system performs exceptionally well on identifying non-relationships, with an F1-score of 0.98, showing that Step 1 effectively filters out invalid pairs. Among relationship types, Is Fund Managed By and Is Sub fund Of are predicted reliably with balanced precision and recall. However, the system inherits the bias observed in Step 3, with strong performance on ultimate consolidation (recall = 0.97) but weaker performance on direct consolidation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Case Demonstrations \u00b7 Early Exits<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-gallery-stacked\"><ul class=\"coblocks-gallery has-no-alignment has-fullwidth-images has-custom-gutter\" style=\"--coblocks-custom-gutter:0em\"><li class=\"coblocks-gallery--item\"><figure class=\"coblocks-gallery--figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"214\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222112 has-shadow-none\" data-id=\"222112\" data-imglink=\"\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?attachment_id=222112\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.48.08-PM-1024x214.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.48.08-PM-1024x214.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.48.08-PM-300x63.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.48.08-PM-768x160.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.48.08-PM-1536x320.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.48.08-PM-1920x400.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.48.08-PM.png 2004w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"coblocks-gallery--item\"><figure class=\"coblocks-gallery--figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"213\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222122 has-shadow-none\" data-id=\"222122\" data-imglink=\"\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?attachment_id=222122\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.48.17-PM-1024x213.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.48.17-PM-1024x213.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.48.17-PM-300x62.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.48.17-PM-768x160.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.48.17-PM-1536x319.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.48.17-PM-1920x399.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.48.17-PM.png 2002w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"is-style-error\" style=\"font-size:15px\">Not every pair goes through all three stages. The stacked design saves compute by stopping early whenever it can commit to a prediction.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Case Demonstrations \u00b7 Full Pipeline<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-gallery-stacked\"><ul class=\"coblocks-gallery has-no-alignment has-fullwidth-images has-custom-gutter\" style=\"--coblocks-custom-gutter:0em\"><li class=\"coblocks-gallery--item\"><figure class=\"coblocks-gallery--figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"214\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222152 has-shadow-none\" data-id=\"222152\" data-imglink=\"\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?attachment_id=222152\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.52.59-PM-1024x214.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.52.59-PM-1024x214.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.52.59-PM-300x63.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.52.59-PM-768x160.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.52.59-PM-1536x321.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.52.59-PM-1920x401.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.52.59-PM.png 1982w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"coblocks-gallery--item\"><figure class=\"coblocks-gallery--figure\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"211\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222162 has-shadow-none\" data-id=\"222162\" data-imglink=\"\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?attachment_id=222162\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.53.11-PM-1024x211.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.53.11-PM-1024x211.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.53.11-PM-300x62.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.53.11-PM-768x158.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.53.11-PM-1536x316.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.53.11-PM-1920x395.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.53.11-PM.png 1982w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-warning\" style=\"font-size:15px\">When all three stages run, the specialist Stage 3 model resolves the hardest distinction \u2014 direct vs ultimate parent control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Query Interface \u00b7 Live Demo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>End users interact with the pipeline through a single function call \u2014 the three stages run sequentially and produce a final labeled prediction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"576\" height=\"317\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222172\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-15.png 576w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-15-300x165.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"612\" height=\"670\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.56.04-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.56.04-PM.png 612w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.56.04-PM-274x300.png 274w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 612px) 100vw, 612px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Error Analysis \u00b7 Confusion Matrix<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"762\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.56.53-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.56.53-PM.png 762w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.56.53-PM-300x239.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 762px) 100vw, 762px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">Errors concentrate in 3 difficult classes (consolidation + feeder). Fund-side prediction is near-perfect.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"533\" height=\"382\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-16.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-16.png 533w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-16-300x215.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Error Analysis \u00b7 Stage Bottlenecks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222212\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-17.png 540w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-17-300x160.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"726\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.59.27-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.59.27-PM.png 726w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-12.59.27-PM-300x238.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 726px) 100vw, 726px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info\" style=\"font-size:15px\">WHERE ERRORS COME FROM:<br>1. Binary stage filters out ~49% of ultimate and ~34% of direct consolidation pairs too aggressively.<br>2. At the type stage, DIRECT \u2194 ULTIMATE confusion dominates the remaining error mass.<br>3. Fund-side errors are minor; consolidation-side errors drive the macro-F1 gap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"challenges\" style=\"font-size:45px\">Challenges &amp; Next Steps<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Challenges<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"452\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-1.01.10-PM-1024x452.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-1.01.10-PM-1024x452.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-1.01.10-PM-300x132.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-1.01.10-PM-768x339.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-1.01.10-PM-1536x677.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-1.01.10-PM-1920x847.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-1.01.10-PM.png 1964w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Next Steps &amp; Future Work<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"485\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-1.01.42-PM-1024x485.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-222242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-1.01.42-PM-1024x485.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-1.01.42-PM-300x142.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-1.01.42-PM-768x364.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-1.01.42-PM-1536x727.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-1.01.42-PM-1920x909.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-2026-04-22-at-1.01.42-PM.png 1972w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:45px\">Acknowledgements<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We would like to thank Professor Anand, Professor Caliskan, and  for their guidance and technical assistance. We would also like to thank Team Rel8ed for their expertise with work, and their great help in developing our project pipeline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Meet the Team Alvin Yao Model Training &amp; Evaluation Developed performance diagnostics and visualized stage-by-stage model behavior. Authored the next-steps and challenge discussion. Grayson Gong Pipeline Architect Designed the three-stage&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20812,"featured_media":221002,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4452,4532,4512,4752],"tags":[],"coauthors":[25822,25832,25842,25852],"class_list":["post-216952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-year","category-keywords-current","category-dsc","category-machine-learning"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rel8ed - Senior Design Day<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/rel8ed\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rel8ed - Senior Design Day\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Meet the Team Alvin Yao Model Training &amp; Evaluation Developed performance diagnostics and visualized stage-by-stage model behavior. 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