{"id":46642,"date":"2021-03-28T13:36:20","date_gmt":"2021-03-28T17:36:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/seniordesign.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/ds2021\/?p=79"},"modified":"2022-04-13T10:17:22","modified_gmt":"2022-04-13T14:17:22","slug":"hydrology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/hydrology\/","title":{"rendered":"Modeling of Lake St. Louis Water Levels"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-03-at-1.10.55-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-179\"\/><figcaption>Photo: Bernie Gigas<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Authors<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Guanjie Linghu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Data Science | Mathematics | Business | &#8217;21<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Xiaobo Luo<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ling Liu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Francisco&nbsp;Ambrosini<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Data Science | Economics | &#8217;21<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/IMG_7795-1-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-182\" width=\"129\" height=\"129\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Sung Beom Park <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Data Science | Mathematics | &#8217;21<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Supervisors<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ajay Anand<\/li><li>Pedro Fernandez<\/li><li>Department of Data Science at the University of Rochester<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Sponsors<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bernie Gigas<\/li><li>David Fay<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Background<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">Lake Ontario set record water levels in 2017 and 2019. The general population that resides around Lake Ontario does not have easy access to relevant system data and analysis. Although regulatory agencies have internal correlations, little to none is available in the public domain. This is where our team and I come in and develop a model that will accurately predict St. Louis Lake water level at any given time. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Goal<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">The main objective is to identify the maximum water flow tolerance of the Moses-Saunders Dam in order <strong>not<\/strong> to exceed the permissible limits of Lake St. Louis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Methodologies<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Clean the provided data and deal with missing values.<\/li><li>Exploratory Data Analysis.<\/li><li>Build a predictive model based on the provided hydrology information that predicts the water level of St. Louis Lake.<\/li><li>Use the above model to calculate or build a new model to predict the maximum water flow tolerance of the Moses-Saunders Dam.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Data Preprocessing<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The dataset contained null\/missing values. These rows were removed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Exploratory Data Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Create correlation and plot heat map to visualize the correlation between each feature.<\/li><li>Plot the important features to visualize the pattern.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-03-at-3.02.41-PM-1024x750.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-189\" width=\"396\" height=\"289\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">The correlation matrix is visualized as a heat map. The color signifies the amount of correlation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Lighter the color, the higher the correlation <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Darker the color, the lower the correlation<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The big red circle you see represents areas of extremely high correlation between several rivers and Channel flows.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The small red oval on the bottom left shows the correlation between the two most important features: The Outflow of Lake Ontario and the water level of Lake St. Louis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Screen-Shot-2021-05-03-at-3.07.55-PM-1024x650.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-191\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">The plot of highly correlated rivers and channels. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We can see very strong seasonal patterns and the difference between the peaks and the medians are extremely large.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These rivers have a <strong>strong<\/strong> seasonal overflow problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Model development<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Descriptive model<\/li><li>Predictive model<\/li><li>Feature importance analysis model<\/li><li>Physical long term model<\/li><li>Physical short term model<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Elastic Net\uff1aBase of first three models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Pros:<ul><li>High Interpretability<\/li><li>Easy to train<\/li><li>Unimportant features will have 0 coefficient<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Cons:<ul><li>Numerical solution instead of analytical solutions<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Descriptive model<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Pursue high accuracy on numerical result<\/li><li>Use all input features<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Model performance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/image-2-2-1024x440.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-260\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Score<\/td><td>open water<\/td><td>Open water and above 22<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Max Error (m)<\/td><td>0.22<\/td><td>0.073<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mean Absolute Error (m)<\/td><td>0.024<\/td><td>0.020<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Median Absolute Error (m)<\/td><td>0.018<\/td><td>0.016<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Root Mean Squared Error (m)<\/td><td>0.033<\/td><td>0.026<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Predictive model<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Obtain a better grasp on practical meaning<\/li><li>Use all input features except St. Louis Outflow<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Model performance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/image-3-2-1024x440.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-262\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Score<\/td><td>open water<\/td><td>Open water and above 22<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Max Error (m)<\/td><td>0.232<\/td><td>0.176<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mean Absolute Error (m)<\/td><td>0.058<\/td><td>0.042<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Median Absolute Error (m)<\/td><td>0.042<\/td><td>0.037<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Root Mean Squared Error (m)<\/td><td>0.087<\/td><td>0.050<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Feature importance analysis model<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Reduce input dimension while maintain relatively high accuracy<\/li><li>Only use the \u201cindependent\u201d features&nbsp;<\/li><li>Use Lake Ontario Outflow, Ottawa River flow, and Chateauguay River flow as input features<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Model performance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/image-4-2-1024x394.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-266\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Score<\/td><td>open water<\/td><td>Open water and above 22<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Max Error (m)<\/td><td>0.358<\/td><td>0.231<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mean Absolute Error (m)<\/td><td>0.054<\/td><td>0.075<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Median Absolute Error (m)<\/td><td>0.048<\/td><td>0.073<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Root Mean Squared Error (m)<\/td><td>0.067<\/td><td>0.085<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Physical&nbsp;Long term&nbsp;Model<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Want a more physical meaningful model<\/li><li>Incorporate Chateauguay River flow&nbsp;<\/li><li>Divide the open water period into 3 sub periods<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Model formula:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/image-5-2-1024x140.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-267\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Model performance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/image-6-2-1024x409.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-268\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Score<\/td><td>open water<\/td><td>Open water and above 22<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Max Error (m)<\/td><td>0.311<\/td><td>0.272<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mean Absolute Error (m)<\/td><td>0.082<\/td><td>0.102<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Median Absolute Error (m)<\/td><td>0.077<\/td><td>0.102<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Root Mean Squared Error (m)<\/td><td>0.097<\/td><td>0.114<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Physical Short term Model&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Dynamic coefficient in front of Ottawa River<\/li><li>Use historical St. Louis level to estimate the coefficient<\/li><li>Use generalized Sigmoid function<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Model performance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/image-7-2-1024x409.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-271\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Score<\/td><td>open water<\/td><td>Open water and above 22<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Max Error (m)<\/td><td>0.326<\/td><td>0.326<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mean Absolute Error (m)<\/td><td>0.051<\/td><td>0.076<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Median Absolute Error (m)<\/td><td>0.037<\/td><td>0.061<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Root Mean Squared Error (m)<\/td><td>0.069<\/td><td>0.098<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Accuracy<ul><li>Descriptive &gt; Predictive &gt; Model 3 &gt; Physical Short Term &gt; Physical Long term<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Trade off between accuracy and physical meaning<\/li><li>Physical&nbsp;Short Term&nbsp;Model is a \u201cbalanced\u201d model with \u201cmoderate\u201d performance and high interpretability<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The main objective is to identify the maximum water flow tolerance of the Moses-Saunders Dam in order not to exceed the permissible limits of Lake St. Louis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6242,"featured_media":44742,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/template-full-width.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2996,106,2956,3006],"tags":[],"coauthors":[8612],"class_list":["post-46642","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-community-engagement-archive","category-dsc-archive","category-energy-environmental-archive","category-machine-learning-archive"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Modeling of Lake St. Louis Water Levels - 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