{"id":62862,"date":"2022-04-13T16:15:54","date_gmt":"2022-04-13T20:15:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?p=62862"},"modified":"2024-03-01T14:15:03","modified_gmt":"2024-03-01T18:15:03","slug":"flat-panel-smart-speaker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/flat-panel-smart-speaker\/","title":{"rendered":"Flat Panel Smart Speaker"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Team<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>Benjamin Kevelson<\/li>\r\n<li>Jun Qiu<\/li>\r\n<li>Julia Weinstock<\/li>\r\n<li>Zilin Zeng<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mentors<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Mike Heilemann, Sarah Smith, and Dan Phinney<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Flat panel technology has been an emerging field of research at the U of R over the past few years, and recent developments have shown the promise of flat panels as acoustic surfaces. Our project aims to demonstrate the multifaceted capabilities of flat panel technology by building a standalone smart speaker, which utilizes a compound speaker and microphone on a single panel. The virtual assistant software is a program developed in-house for MATLAB, and specialized for panel devices. Through our work, we hope to show the capabilities of flat-panels as an affordable and functional alternative to existing technology for smart speakers such as Amazon Alexa and Google Home.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introducing Flat Panel Technology<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Flat panel devices create sound through use of drivers mounted on the rear of the device. These drivers are placed in an array pattern to optimize the frequency response of the panel by cancelling the most modes, which creates a better sound for the listener. Additionally, our smart speaker utilizes a tweeter driver, which controls the high frequencies and allows for the other driver array to be tuned for lower frequencies.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-80532\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig1-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"426\" height=\"304\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig1-2.jpg 406w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig1-2-300x214.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption><strong>Fig. 1<\/strong>: Demonstration of flat panel concepts.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>In order to receive sound, we use a vibration sensor which is also mounted on the rear of the device. The recorded audio signal is then transcribed by a speech-to-text software, such as IBM Watson, to recognize key words that correspond to a predefined set of commands stored in a dictionary within the panelAssistant.m file.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-heading\">Flat Panel Smart Speaker &#8211; Software<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\"><strong>panelAssistant.m is a virtual assistant software developed in-house for flat-panel smart devices.<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Voice Transcription \u2013 <\/strong>panelAssistant uses IBM Watson to transcribe user voice into text, then uses the text for command recognition. The link below is a demo for our panelAssistant:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/shorts\/Rl4R3K-eEN4\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/shorts\/Rl4R3K-eEN4<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Music Cancellation \u2013 <\/strong>To accurately transcribe speech while playing music, panelAssistant applies audio processing to the input signal in order to remove recorded audio that may corrupt the speech signal. This process is illustrated in <strong>Fig. 2b<\/strong>, and the results are shown by the spectrograms in <strong>Fig. 2a<\/strong>. The top spectrogram is the raw sensor input before filtering, and the bottom spectrogram is the cleaned speech after processing. Notice that the formants of the speech signal originally masked by the music are visible in the bottom figure after the audio processing is applied.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-80462\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"501\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig2.jpg 560w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig2-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption><strong>Fig. 2a<\/strong>-1: Spectrograms: raw sensor input.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/recorded_audio_sample-1.wav\" controls=\"controls\"><\/audio>\r\n<figcaption>Noisy Speech Recording.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-80482\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig3.jpg 560w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig3-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption><strong>Fig. 2a<\/strong>-2: Spectrograms: clean speech after processing.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio aligncenter\"><audio src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/cancelled_audio_sample-1.wav\" controls=\"controls\"><\/audio>\r\n<figcaption>Clean Speech after Audio Processing.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-80552\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"497\" height=\"63\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig4.jpg 520w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig4-300x38.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 497px) 100vw, 497px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption><strong>Fig. 2b<\/strong>: Diagram of the cancellation process.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Flat Panel Smart Speaker &#8211; Hardware<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-80592\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig5-1024x1018.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"425\" height=\"422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig5-1024x1018.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig5-300x298.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig5-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig5-768x763.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig5-1536x1526.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig5-1200x1192.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig5-1980x1967.jpg 1980w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig5.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption><strong>Fig. 3<\/strong>: Hardware setup for the flat panel smartspeaker.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Piezo (I) and Piezo Amplifier (II) \u2013 <\/strong>As our user talks to the panel, the piezo (vibration sensor) detects the vibration on the panel and thus receives the speech signal. The piezo amplifier boosts the input signal by 40dB, and filters to cut out the low-frequency noise (&lt;400Hz).\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio aligncenter\"><audio src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/nonoise.wav\" controls=\"controls\"><\/audio>\r\n<figcaption>Speech Recorded using the Piezo and the Piezo Amplifier<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-81152\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig8.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig8.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig8-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption>Fig.4a: Piezo Amplifier.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-81082\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig6-1024x541.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"610\" height=\"322\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig6-1024x541.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig6-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig6-768x406.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig6-1200x634.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig6.jpg 1213w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption>Fig.4b: LTspice Schematic for the Piezo Amplifier.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-81092\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig7-1024x747.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"451\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig7-1024x747.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig7-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig7-768x560.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig7-1200x876.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig7.jpg 1480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 451px) 100vw, 451px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption>Fig.4c: Noise from the Piezo Amplifier.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Power Amplifier (III) \u2013 <\/strong>A power amplifier boosts signal current and converts a low-power signal to a higher power one in order for the loudspeaker drivers to operate.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-81202\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig9-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"327\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig9-1.jpg 415w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig9-1-300x213.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 327px) 100vw, 327px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption>Fig.5: Power Amplifier.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Loudspeaker Driver Array (IV &amp; V) and Crossover Network \u2013 <\/strong> We performed acoustic measurements for the panel and determined the corresponding positions that best excite bass-mid frequencies and treble frequencies before designing our driver array based on these locations. We also coded a digital crossover network\u00a0 so the four drivers attached to the center of the panel are assigned for outputting bass-mid frequency signal <strong>(IV)<\/strong> , while the single driver at the top of the panel is assigned for the treble frequency signal <strong>(V)<\/strong> .<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-81272\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig11.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"352\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig11.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig11-300x176.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig11-768x452.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption>Fig.6: Crossover Network Filtering.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Audio Interface (VI) \u2013 <\/strong>The audio interface connects the hardware and software components of this project. It receives speech signal from the piezo sensor to be processed by panelAssistant, and sends audio output to the drivers.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-81232\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig10-1024x364.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"397\" height=\"141\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig10-1024x364.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig10-300x107.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig10-768x273.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig10-1536x546.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig10-1200x427.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig10-1980x704.png 1980w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig10.png 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 397px) 100vw, 397px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption>Fig.7: Audio Interface.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"937\" height=\"336\" class=\"wp-image-83322\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig11-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig11-2.jpg 937w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig11-2-300x108.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Website-Fig11-2-768x275.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 937px) 100vw, 937px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption><strong>Fig. <\/strong>8: Signal flow for the flat panel smart speaker.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusions and Future Work<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Now that we have a working demo for the flat panel smart speaker, our future work will focus on simplifying our system setup and improving the system stability:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Hardware \u2013 <\/strong>We will finish our PCB design for the piezo amplifier. Currently, our piezo amp is built on a perf board, which is fragile. Substituting the perf board version amp with a PCB version can substantially improve our hardware stability. We will also design a better enclosure for our flat panel smart speaker as it is unsafe to have exposing electronics. A case will be a better and more stable enclosure comparing to mounting the electronics to the frame.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Software \u2013<\/strong> We plan to develop a Python version for our virtual assistant software so that we can install it in a tiny Raspberry Pi. By doing that, we will no longer need our bulky PC, and we can drastically improve the portability of our system. We also plan to add the music streaming feature to our smart speaker.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Acknowledgments<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Thank you to Professor Heilemann and Tre DiPassio. It has been a great honor to be a part of the flat panel loudspeaker research, and we couldn\u2019t have made it without your guidance, encouragement, and inspiration. We also want to thank Professor Smith and Professor Phinney for their consistent attention and help to with our\u00a0 project.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Team Benjamin Kevelson Jun Qiu Julia Weinstock Zilin Zeng Mentors Mike Heilemann, Sarah Smith, and Dan Phinney &nbsp; Abstract Flat panel technology has been an emerging field of research at&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6242,"featured_media":39542,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"coauthors":[8612],"class_list":["post-62862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ame-archive"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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