{"id":64052,"date":"2022-04-20T10:32:40","date_gmt":"2022-04-20T14:32:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?p=64052"},"modified":"2022-09-12T10:58:07","modified_gmt":"2022-09-12T14:58:07","slug":"development-of-pcl-pvp-nanofibers-patches-for-pediatric-ibuprofen-oral-mucosa-delivery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/development-of-pcl-pvp-nanofibers-patches-for-pediatric-ibuprofen-oral-mucosa-delivery\/","title":{"rendered":"Development of PCL\/PVP Nanofibers Patches for Pediatric Ibuprofen Oral Mucosa Delivery"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Team<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Amanda Strenk<\/li><li>Milenia Rojas<\/li><li>Tatenda Jonga<\/li><li>Laura Harder<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mentor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Melodie Lawton<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The purpose of this project is to create functional electrospun nanofiber patches for oromucosal ibuprofen (IBU) delivery. The patches were created using a blend of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). It was discovered that the optimal blend for drug delivery and fiber formation was a 70:30 ratio of PCL:PVP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Electrospun nanofibers for oral transmucosal drug delivery is an alternative to drug delivery systems such as tablets, needles, and capsules. Electrospun nanofibers <strong>increase drug solubility, bioavailability, and manipulate the rate and site of delivery<\/strong>. The purpose of this project was to <strong>build a functional low cost electrospinner<\/strong> to create <strong>nanofiber patches of PVP\/PCL blends infused<\/strong> with <strong>IBU <\/strong>to study drug delivery release rates in phosphate buffered saline (PBS).\u00a0 This study can benefit pediatric, geriatric, and other patients with swallowing and digestion problems who are in need of a rapid-release drug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"565\" height=\"157\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-130.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84612\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-130.png 565w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-130-300x83.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 565px) 100vw, 565px\" \/><figcaption><em>Figure 1: Simplified Process Flow<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-108-885x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-83842\" width=\"607\" height=\"701\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-108-885x1024.png 885w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-108-259x300.png 259w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-108.png 905w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px\" \/><figcaption><em>Figure 2: Process Flow<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Methods<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"813\" height=\"518\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-109.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-83872\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-109.png 813w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-109-300x191.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-109-768x489.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 813px) 100vw, 813px\" \/><figcaption><em>Figure 3: Electrospinner Set Up<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"366\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-110-1024x366.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-83882\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-110-1024x366.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-110-300x107.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-110-768x274.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-110.png 1097w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><em>Figure 4: Optimal Nanofiber vs Beaded Nanofibers<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Drug Release Model [2]\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"973\" height=\"210\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-115.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-115.png 973w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-115-300x65.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-115-768x166.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 973px) 100vw, 973px\" \/><figcaption><em>Equation 1: Model Release Kinetics<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-112.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84082\" width=\"212\" height=\"112\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-112.png 343w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-112-300x158.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 212px) 100vw, 212px\" \/><figcaption><em>Equation 2: Diffusion Coefficient<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Model Assumes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Degradation and Swelling <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Polymer Matrix <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Time-Dependent Diffusion Coefficient <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Time-Dependent Thickness<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-116.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84202\" width=\"406\" height=\"153\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-116.png 938w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-116-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-116-768x290.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 406px) 100vw, 406px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-117.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84222\" width=\"610\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-117.png 1006w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-117-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-117-768x366.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><figcaption><em>Figure 5: Surface vs Bulk Mass Erosion<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hypothesis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1. <strong>Films release less IBU <\/strong>than nanofiber patches due to the smaller surface<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. <strong>Pure PCL<\/strong> patches will reach peak IBU release after about <strong>4 hours<\/strong>, whereas <strong>pure PVP <\/strong>patches will reach peak release after about <strong>3 minutes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. A PCL\/PVP blend will have a shorter release time than PCL on its own<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. <strong>Higher PCL wt. %<\/strong> in PCL:PVP blends \u2192 <strong>Larger nanofiber diameters<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. <strong>Larger nanofiber diameters <\/strong>\u2192 <strong>Lower maximum percent IBU release<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Results\/Discussion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>HPLC<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-119-1024x304.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84332\" width=\"610\" height=\"181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-119-1024x304.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-119-300x89.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-119-768x228.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-119.png 1163w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SEM Nanofiber Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-120.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84362\" width=\"607\" height=\"314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-120.png 534w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-120-300x155.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ImageJ software <\/strong>was used to determine the nanofiber average diameter and standard deviation (n = 10). <strong>Optimal conditions <\/strong>for electrospinning are chosen based on the smallest standard deviation and no beading\/clumping in the nanofibers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Drug Release Profiles<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each blend (PCL:PVP) exhibits an <strong>initial burst release<\/strong> from the surface and then diffusion from the bulk. However, there is some IBU trapped on the inner scaffold of the patches as 100% release is not reached.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Overall<\/em><\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smaller nanofiber diameter \u2192 Larger diffusion coefficient \u2192 Maximum % release<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"635\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-121-1024x635.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-121-1024x635.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-121-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-121-768x476.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-121-1200x744.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-121.png 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Figure 9: Cumulative IBU % Release Profile<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mass Erosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"619\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-122-1024x619.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-122-1024x619.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-122-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-122-768x465.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-122.png 1101w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><em>Figure 10: Mass % Loss of Blend Patches<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-123.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84412\" width=\"610\" height=\"497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-123.png 639w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-123-300x245.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><figcaption><em>Figure 11. 70:30 Patch Before Submersion in PBS Media<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"643\" height=\"521\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-124.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-124.png 643w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-124-300x243.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 643px) 100vw, 643px\" \/><figcaption><em>Figure 12. 70:30 Patch After Submersion for 3 Minutes in PBS Media<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Due to PVP\u2019s hydrophilic nature, it <strong>dissolves immediately <\/strong>in the PBS media. Thus, within the first three minutes of submersion in PBS, all of the PVP leaves the patches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Instron<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-126.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84482\" width=\"319\" height=\"155\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-126.png 329w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-126-300x146.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 319px) 100vw, 319px\" \/><figcaption><em>Figure 13. Instron Equipment<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"382\" height=\"170\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-127.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-127.png 382w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-127-300x134.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 382px) 100vw, 382px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Final Design<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"306\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-128.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-128.png 683w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-128-300x134.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hypotheses Update:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Films released less IBU than nanofiber patches <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. PCL patches reached peak release in about 40 minutes, PVP released      immediately <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. PCL\/PVP blends had quicker release than pure PCL by about 20 minutes <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Very little correlation between PCL wt.% and fiber diameter <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. Larger Fiber diameters resulted in a lower maximum release<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Overall:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 PCL and PVP blends were <strong>electrospinnable<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 70:30 PCL to PVP blend saw the largest maximum release <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Patch <strong>thickness<\/strong> contributes to the diffusion coefficient <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 The blend patches exhibit <strong>surface erosion<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Release kinetics follow the theoretical model<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Future Work &amp; Recommendations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-129-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84542\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-129-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-129-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-129-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-129-1200x676.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-129.png 1350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><em>Figure 16:   Future Recommendations Framework<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Acknowledgements<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Our team would like to thank our advisor\/sponsor Prof. Lawton for all of her support and advice throughout the semester. We would also like to thank the laboratory staff: Clair Cunningham, Jeff Lefler, Prof. Juba, Prof. Kelley, Prof. Benoit, Mason Garlatti, and Mark Volkin for their technical support and guidance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[1] Torres-Martinez, Erick Jos\u00e9, et al. \u201cA Summary of Electrospun Nanofibers as Drug Delivery System: Drugs Loaded and Biopolymers Used as Matrices.\u201d <em>Current Drug Delivery<\/em>, vol. 15, no. 10, 2018, pp. 1360\u20131374., https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1567201815666180723114326.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[2] Awad, H. (2022, April 6).<em> Controlled Release Lectures<\/em> <em>1-3 <\/em>[Lecture Notes]. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[3] Luboz, V., Promayon, E., &amp; Payan, Y. (2014). Linear elastic properties of the facial soft tissues using an aspiration device: Towards patient specific characterization. <em>Annals of Biomedical Engineering<\/em>, <em>42<\/em>(11), 2369\u20132378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-014-1098-1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One or two sentence description of the project.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6242,"featured_media":39542,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[],"coauthors":[8612],"class_list":["post-64052","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-che-archive"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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