{"id":64132,"date":"2022-04-20T10:41:47","date_gmt":"2022-04-20T14:41:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/?p=64132"},"modified":"2022-09-12T10:57:30","modified_gmt":"2022-09-12T14:57:30","slug":"landfill-leachate-treatment-targeting-per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/landfill-leachate-treatment-targeting-per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances\/","title":{"rendered":"Landfill Leachate Treatment Targeting Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Team<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Andrew Trepanier <\/li><li>Faraan Hamad <\/li><li>Levi Sunday-Lefkowitz <\/li><li>Daniela Novoa Molina&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mentor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mark Juba<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The purpose of this project is to investigate methods of removing Per-and-Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from landfill leachate. A novel separation apparatus was constructed using leachate foaming to remove PFAS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Per-and-Polyfluoroalkyl substances, also known as PFAS,&nbsp; are a family of more than 4,700 synthetic chemicals used in millions of consumer products as a non-stick substance. PFAS are very resistant to breaking down naturally, causing some to have lifetimes of over one thousand years. This is concerning because regardless of their usefulness, PFAS have recently been found to have various hazardous health effects such as increased risk of cancer, thyroid and liver damage, and pregnancy or birth defects [1]. Products containing PFAS are disposed in landfills where these chemicals then accumulate in the wastewater stream. Waste Management has recruited this team to investigate methods of PFAS removal that can be implemented on an industrial scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Methods<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A novel steady state flow foaming column was constructed to remove PFAS, which concentrate in the foam phase and are then collected for further disposal. Air and leachate flow rates can be varied to optimize PFAS separation. They control variables were used to generate a two factorial design of experiments to examine the optimal operation conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"629\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-138-1024x629.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-90882\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-138-1024x629.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-138-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-138-768x472.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-138-1536x943.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-138-2048x1258.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-138-1200x737.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-138-1980x1216.png 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 1: <\/strong>Foaming Column Prototype<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Results and Discussion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"569\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-140-1024x569.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-90912\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-140-1024x569.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-140-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-140-768x426.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-140-1536x853.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-140-2048x1137.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-140-1200x666.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-140-1980x1099.png 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 2: <\/strong>PFAS Removal by Component<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-141-1024x599.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-90922\" width=\"610\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-141-1024x599.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-141-300x175.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-141-768x449.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-141-1536x898.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-141-2048x1198.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-141-1200x702.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-141-1980x1158.png 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 3: <\/strong>Surface Tension vs. Total PFAS Concentration<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Measuring concentration of PFAS directly is difficult and expensive due to their dilute concentration in leachate. After experimentation with the leachate, it was found that its surface tension changes as PFAS are removed. This correlation has been modeled and can be used to estimate PFAS concentration and reduce testing cost for future experimentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"541\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-142-1024x541.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-90962\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-142-1024x541.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-142-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-142-768x406.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-142-1536x811.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-142-2048x1082.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-142-1200x634.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-142-1980x1046.png 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 4<\/strong>: Percent Removal of PFA Component by Molecular Weight<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>It was determined that PFAS with longer carbon chains are more effectively removed through foaming. PFAS having 6 or fewer linked carbons had relatively low percent removal values. Foaming can be utilized most efficiently in systems that are known to have high concentrations of long chains PFAS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"862\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-143-1024x862.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-90972\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-143-1024x862.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-143-300x253.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-143-768x646.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-143.png 1074w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 5: <\/strong>Staged Foaming Surface Tension<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Samples of leachate were foamed repeatedly and observed to have a steadily increasing surface tension. This indicates that having multiple foaming chambers in series would be useful and maximizing PFAS removal in a scaled up process. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 The single chamber system state foaming system removes 54% of PFAS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Foaming is an effective method of PFAS removal, particularly for long chain PFAS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Four foaming chambers in series maximizes separation of long chain PFAS, yielding a minimum of 65% removal <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 The correlation between concentration of PFAS and surface tension can decrease PFAS testing costs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Future Work<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Electrolysis of foam to breakdown long chain PFAS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Size foaming system to pilot scale for one landfill cell <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Run repeated foaming trials to verify multistage foaming <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Test surface tension-concentration with PFAS standards <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Preconcentration for quantitative <sup>19<\/sup>F NMR analysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Acknowledgements<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We would like to extend our gratitude to the team at Waste Management: David Cross and Nicole Simonetti, also Brian McGrath from Barton &amp; Loguidice. We would also like to thank Prof. Mark Juba, Prof. Melodie Lawton, Prof. Douglas Kelley,&nbsp; Jeff Lefler, Clair Cunningham, and TA Jorge Medina for their support and guidance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n[1] ATSDR. (2020). What are the Health Effects of PFAS?. Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Your Health. CDC.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One or two sentence description of the project.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6242,"featured_media":39542,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[],"coauthors":[8612],"class_list":["post-64132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-che-archive"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Landfill Leachate Treatment Targeting Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances - Senior Design Day<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/landfill-leachate-treatment-targeting-per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Landfill Leachate Treatment Targeting Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances - 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