{"id":67982,"date":"2022-03-01T18:18:52","date_gmt":"2022-03-01T22:18:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/seniordesign.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/spring2022\/uncategorized\/lle\/"},"modified":"2022-09-13T12:08:13","modified_gmt":"2022-09-13T16:08:13","slug":"lle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/lle\/","title":{"rendered":"LLE &#8211; Cryogenic Heat Pipe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Authors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Blake Curlee<\/li><li>Chenhao Jian<\/li><li>Justin Sennyondo<\/li><li>Weihan Wang<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mentors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Prof. Christopher Muir (Supervisor)<br>Prof. Ethan Burnham-Fay (Sponsor)<br>Seungju (Jamie) Yeo (Assigned Teaching Assistant)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The ME 205 LLE Cryogenic Heat Pipe Team designed a new version of cryogenic heat pipe for a high-energy laser system at the University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE). The design is composed of three major parts: the collar, the clamp, and the strap connecting the collar and the clamp.  The testings of the new heat pipe have produced useful data, based on which our group can give suggestions for future development of the heat pipe.<\/em><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-id=\"2352\" src=\"https:\/\/seniordesign.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/spring2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/4-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2352\"\/><figcaption>CAD of the new heat pipe design<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-id=\"2353\" src=\"https:\/\/seniordesign.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/spring2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/8-.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2353\"\/><figcaption>Prototype of the new heat pipe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Problem Statement<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A mechanically robust thermal pathway is needed to transfer heat from the target to the cryocooler for a high-energy system in the University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE). It is part of a subsystem that is usually closed and only retracts to expose a target to a high-energy shot by the OMEGA laser. The heat pipe is necessary for providing a pathway that is flexible enough to retract while also conducting heat away from the target to the cryocooler to maintain the target at cryogenic temperatures (about 10 \u2013 20 K) before the laser shot. The original heat pipe design at LLE uses pyrolytic graphene sheet (PGS) for the strap, which is a flexible material with excellent thermal conductivity, but is also very fragile. Thus, the major goal of this Senior Design project is to design and\/or recommend material(s) to be used for a heat pipe that will not break or tear easily as the present one does. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/seniordesign.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/spring2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/3-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2354\" width=\"312\" height=\"223\"\/><figcaption>Original Heat Pipe Design at LLE<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/12-1024x768.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-95782\" width=\"304\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/12-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/12-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/12-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/12-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/12-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/12-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/12-1980x1485.jpeg 1980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 304px) 100vw, 304px\" \/><figcaption>PGS used in the original design is fragile<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Requirements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Transfer heat from the target capsule to the cryogenic pump&nbsp;\u200b<\/li><li>Must not break or tear easily (flexible)&nbsp;\u200b<\/li><li>Work in a vacuum environment at cryogenic temperature&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Specifications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Able to transfer heat without failure at temperature of 60 +\/- 5 K&nbsp;\u200b<\/li><li>Minimum thermal conductivity of 125 W\/(m*K)&nbsp;\u200b<\/li><li>Maximum displacement transmissibility of 0.1&nbsp;\u200b<\/li><li>Minimum failure load of 5 N&nbsp;\u200b<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Design Concepts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Based on LLE baseline [1] and Technology Applications&nbsp;Inc.&#8217;s Thermal Straps [2]\u200b<\/li><li>C10100 Copper used for Collar, Clamp, and strap fittings\u200b<\/li><li>Cryogenic cable used for straps [3]\u200b<\/li><li>Stainless steel bolts\u200b<\/li><li>Originally, stainless bolts used to contain heat from&nbsp;explosive bolts\u200b<\/li><li>Considered using explosive bolts to eliminate vibration effect, but cryogenic cable was flexible enough, so there was no need&nbsp;for explosive bolts.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/seniordesign.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/spring2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/1-.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2355\" width=\"355\" height=\"235\"\/><figcaption>Technology Application&#8217;s thermal strap design<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/seniordesign.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/spring2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/2-.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2356\" width=\"192\" height=\"240\"\/><figcaption>The initial design concepts that were compared using the Pugh matrix; a flexible linkage and explosive bolts tied in 1st place, but the latter was then eliminated.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Manufacturing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bought copper C10100 block and sheet, stranded copper (SC) cryogenic cable, stainless-steel&nbsp;bolts, nuts and washers.\u200b<\/li><li>Machined the clamp, collar and strap fittings using the bandsaw and vertical mill along with an&nbsp;edge-finder, the given end-mill, a spot drill, a number 31 (0.120 in. diameter) drill bit, hand-drill, among other tools.<\/li><li>Cut the cryogenic copper cable into small cables and removed the&nbsp;outer plastic jacket at the ends to better stack the cables between the strap fittings. Indium foil was&nbsp;then added for improved thermal contact.\u200b<\/li><li>The nuts, bolts and washers were used to fit the parts into one cryogenic heat pipe assembly.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u200b<\/li><li>Estimated system manufacturing cost is $15,992.98, including the purchased-items ($642.98) and the team members&#8217;&nbsp;Siemens NX development and analysis time ($10,450) plus building time ($4,900).&nbsp;\u200b<\/li><li>If 1000 such heat pipes were to be made, manufacturing costs could be reduced by buying&nbsp;material of the desired thickness to lower machining time.&nbsp;\u200b<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/9-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-99342\" width=\"609\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/9-1-1.png 525w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/9-1-1-300x233.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 609px) 100vw, 609px\" \/><figcaption>Assembly drawing and bill of materials (BOM)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/seniordesign.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/spring2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/6-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2376\" width=\"673\" height=\"298\"\/><figcaption>Hand calculations for stresses, vibrations, and heat transfer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/seniordesign.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/spring2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/7-.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2379\"\/><figcaption>Thermal FE model of the heat pipe<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5-copy-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-96312\" width=\"307\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5-copy-3.png 816w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5-copy-3-300x278.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/5-copy-3-768x712.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\" \/><figcaption>Structural FE model of of the heat pipe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>These initial analyses showed high thermal resistance across the clamp; minimal stresses in typical operation and&nbsp;favorable thermal properties overall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A tolerance analysis was also performed to find the minimum and maximum diameter for the holes and bolts as well as the 3\u03c3 upper and lower limits of the nominal gap between the stacked cables and the 2 holes on each strap fitting. All parts were determined to assemble and fit as intended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Testing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\">Thermal Test<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A thermofoil resistive heater was attached to one of the system&nbsp;powered by a current and voltage source. Aluminum foil and&nbsp;foamed plastic were used for thermal insulation.&nbsp;\u200b<\/li><li>A four-channel DAQ and thermocouple were used to determine&nbsp;the temperature difference at the collar and clamp ends, with&nbsp;data recorded in LabVIEW.&nbsp;\u200b<\/li><li>A liquid nitrogen bath was later used (but without the heater) to&nbsp;simulate a close-to-cryogenic environment.&nbsp;\u200b<\/li><li>Minimum 1 hour was required to reach steady state. Output file&nbsp;reading, plot&nbsp;making&nbsp;and data analysis were all done in MATLAB&nbsp;software.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u200b<\/li><li>The measured temperature difference was then used to calculate&nbsp;thermal conductance.&nbsp;\u200b<\/li><li>A Siemens NX thermal simulation was also done for verification&nbsp;of results.\u200b<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/seniordesign.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/spring2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/10-.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2382\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\">Vibration Test<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p>The cables were approximated as a spring, and the equivalent spring&nbsp;constant was found by measuring its force and its displacement. Then, the&nbsp;heat pipe was simplified as a spring-mass system, whose displacement&nbsp;transmissibility can be found by the following equation, where x0 is the&nbsp;exciting amplitude, X is the response amplitude, r is the normalized&nbsp;frequency, and&nbsp;\u03b6&nbsp;is the damping ratio (assume&nbsp;\u03b6=1):\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/seniordesign.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/spring2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-44.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2347\" width=\"443\" height=\"46\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The results show that the natural&nbsp;frequency of the heat pipe is only 6.648 Hz&nbsp;while peak vibration from cryo-cooler is at&nbsp;about 282 Hz.&nbsp;\u200bThe energy being transmitted through the&nbsp;heat pipe with transmissibility of higher&nbsp;than 0.1 is less&nbsp;than 0.4% of the&nbsp;total&nbsp;vibration energy&nbsp;from the cryo-cooler.\u200b Therefore, it&#8217;s safe to concluded that the vibration effect of the heat pipe is trivial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/seniordesign.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/spring2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/11-.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2358\"\/><figcaption>Vibration test setup, a spring scale was used to measure the force from the cables to calculate the equivalent spring constant<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item\"><details><summary class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__title\">Load Test<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-coblocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p>The heat pipe was attached to a force gauge. The heat pipe sustained over&nbsp;10 N of force (2.5&nbsp;lbs) without failure.\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/seniordesign.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/spring2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/image-20220421-195218-0bc4334c-1-768x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2357\" width=\"358\" height=\"477\"\/><figcaption>Load test setup. The dial on the force gauge shows 2.5 lbs (over 10 N)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evaluations and Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Passed the thermal conductivity specification because the value from the FE simulations is at least 225 W\/mK.&nbsp;From the&nbsp;physical testing, thermal conductivity could not be measured due to the unknown shape factors and other difficult-to-determine thermal variables for the considered geometry. Only the thermal conductance could be calculated.\u200b<\/li><li>The physical tests, however, gave the temperature variation at the ends and elsewhere on the system which were used&nbsp;to get the above-stated effective thermal conductivity of the system using FE simulations.\u200b<\/li><li>Passed the displacement transmissibility specification because vibration effect is trivial for loose cables.\u200b<\/li><li>Passed the load-to-failure specification because the measured even with 2.5 lbs (11.1 N) applied, the cable types remained&nbsp;intact within the strap fittings.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u200b<\/li><li>Thus, the cryogenic heat pipe meets all the requirements and specifications.\u200b<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Recommendations and Future work<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Could use better-insulation in the thermal conductivity tests to minimize heat loss by radiation and&nbsp;convection.\u200b<\/li><li>Could do the tests at even lower temperatures to more closely simulate the LLE cryogenic&nbsp;environment.\u200b<\/li><li>Could mount the strap fittings differently on the clamp and lower clamp height for better heat&nbsp;transfer.\u200b<\/li><li>Could use bolts of higher thermal conductivity and cross-sectional area to improve heat transfer in the&nbsp;system.\u200b<\/li><li>Could make the collar and clamp with curved bottom surfaces to more closely simulate the actual setup at the&nbsp;LLE.&nbsp;\u200b<\/li><li>SC cable could be switched for&nbsp;OFHC&nbsp;braids with no effect on thermal properties and minimal effect on&nbsp;vibration&nbsp;transmissibility\u200b<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Presentation Video<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video height=\"1024\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 1280 \/ 1024;\" width=\"1280\" controls src=\"https:\/\/seniordesign.digitalscholar.rochester.edu\/spring2022\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/LLE_FinalPresentationVideo-1.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Acknowledgements<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Many thanks to Prof. Muir, Prof. Burnham-Fay,&nbsp;Seungju&nbsp;Yeo,&nbsp;Christine Pratt, Omar&nbsp;Soufan, Prof. Nam, Jim Alkins, Peter&nbsp;Miklavcic&nbsp;and Alexandra Ferrarese for all their support.\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b[1] Technology Applications Inc., 2021, \u201cCuTS&nbsp;Catalog\u201d [Online]. Available:&nbsp;2021&nbsp;CuTS\u00ae Catalog &#8211; TAI.pdf [Accessed: 01-March-2022].&nbsp;\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n[2]&nbsp;Buczek&nbsp;et al., 2019, \u201cTHERMAL CONDUCTOR ASSY; 100 GBAR CRYOSTAT\u201d&nbsp;[Online]. Available:&nbsp;Q-MB-B-1121_A.pdf&nbsp;[Accessed: 13-Jan-2022].&nbsp;\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n[3] National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2010, \u201cMaterial&nbsp;Properties: OFHC Copper (UNS C10100\/C10200)\u201d[Online]. Available: Material&nbsp;Measurement Laboratory\/Applied Chemicals and Materials&nbsp;Division(trc.nist.gov) [Accessed: 21-Feb-2022]\u200b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A one or two sentence description of your project.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6242,"featured_media":96552,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[126],"tags":[],"coauthors":[8612],"class_list":["post-67982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-me-archive"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>LLE - Cryogenic Heat Pipe - Senior Design Day<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/lle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LLE - Cryogenic Heat Pipe - Senior Design Day\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A one or two sentence description of your project.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/lle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Senior Design Day\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-03-01T22:18:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-09-13T16:08:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\/senior-design-day\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/8-.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"354\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"345\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/lle\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/lle\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hajim.rochester.edu\\\/senior-design-day\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/351018fbcf84ed8cac6d8072ba5b347c\"},\"headline\":\"LLE &#8211; 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